{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:47:42Z","timestamp":1784299662919,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> is a major chronic health problem, infecting more than half of the population worldwide. <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection is linked with various clinical complications ranging from gastritis to gastric cancer. The resolution of gastritis and peptic ulcer appears to be linked with the eradication of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>. However, resistance to antibiotics and eradication failure rates are reaching alarmingly high levels. This calls for urgent action in finding alternate methods for <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication. Here, we discuss the recently identified mechanism of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> known as cholesterol glucosylation, mediated by the enzyme cholesterol\u2010\u03b1\u2010glucosyltransferase, encoded by the gene <jats:italic>cgt<\/jats:italic>. Cholesterol glucosylation serves several functions that include promoting immune evasion, enhancing antibiotic resistance, maintaining the native helical morphology, and supporting functions of prominent virulence factors such as CagA and VacA. Consequently, strategies aiming at inhibition of the cholesterol glucosylation process have the potential to attenuate the potency of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and abrogate <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> immune evasion capabilities. Knockout of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori cgt<\/jats:italic> results in unsuccessful colonization and elimination by the host immune responses. Moreover, blocking cholesterol glucosylation can reverse antibiotic susceptibility in <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>. In this work, we review the main roles of cholesterol glucosylation in <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u00a0and evaluate whether this mechanism can be targeted for the development of alternate methods for eradication of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T18:36:55Z","timestamp":1608835015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cholesterol glucosylation\u2013based survival strategy in <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3384-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majjid A.","family":"Qaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics University of Hyderabad Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamsul","family":"Qumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics University of Hyderabad Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3291-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovico P.","family":"Sepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niyaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics University of Hyderabad Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00054-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30328-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30354-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-015-1305-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13497"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/88563"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.18.5327-5333.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M603345200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1480"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00365-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00642a032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711159105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80538-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/41483"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/fty021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2010.957092"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0855-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.20.1.215-220.1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1232451100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.7.2065-2070.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.177.18.5334-5337.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.4.706-713.1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SC00889E"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojmm.2013.31011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00219"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09724.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01523-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003353"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-258"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0339-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1497"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M309964200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084677"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1131"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06187"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00439-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.10.4154-4160.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4112-4123.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-9-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2014.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12947"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.11.4940"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1086871"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401528101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir547"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901115"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803293"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1720"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5475.2357"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078191"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-4882-5_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.6.2257-2269.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i29.9882"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01784.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00016-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199701000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01393.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00974-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00195"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2016.1233432"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Management of multi\u2010drug resistant Helicobacter pylori infection by supplementary, complementary and alternative medicine; a review","volume":"10","author":"Rezaeimanesh N","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol From Bed To Bench"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v4.i1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099250"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.08.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2010.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwn037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.23038"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12720"}],"container-title":["Helicobacter"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hel.12777","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hel.12777","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hel.12777","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T14:43:05Z","timestamp":1693665785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hel.12777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hel.12777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hel.12777","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-4389","1523-5378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-4389","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-5378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12777"}}