{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:30:45Z","timestamp":1782574245357,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009543","name":"Pontificia Universidad Javeriana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPTA_7676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPTA_7676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> is a human gastric carcinogen that is highly prevalent in Latin American. The prophages of <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> show a structured population and contribute to the diversity of this bacterium. However, <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> prophages present in American strains have not been described to date. In this study, we identified, characterized, and present the phylogenetic analysis of the prophages present in Colombian <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize Colombian <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> strains and their prophages, a Multilocus Sequences Typing (MLST) and a Prophage Sequences Typing (PST), using the integrase and holin genes, were performed. Furthermore, five Colombian <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> had their full genome sequenced, and six Colombian <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> retrieved from databases, allowing to determine the prophage complete genome and insertion site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The integrase gene frequency was 12.6% (27\/213), while both integrase and holin genes were present in 4.2% (9\/213) of the samples analyzed. The PST analysis showed that Colombian prophages belong to different populations, including hpSWEurope, hpNEurope, hpAfrica1, and a new population, named hpColombia. The MLST analysis classified most of the Colombia strains in the hpEurope population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The new <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> prophage population revealed that Colombian prophages follow a unique evolutionary trajectory, contributing to bacterial diversity. The global <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> prophage phylogeny highlighted five phylogenetic groups, one more than previously reported. After the arrival of Europeans, the Colombian <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> bacteria and their prophages formed an independent evolutionary line to adapt to the new environment and new human hosts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T17:59:56Z","timestamp":1609955996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An American lineage of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> prophages found in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7451-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela B","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Group Microbiology Department Sciences Faculty Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Host\u2010Pathogen Interactions Unit 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