{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:35:56Z","timestamp":1791646556409,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are only a few reports of non\u2010<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> (NHPH) gastritis in Japanese patients. We aimed to examine its prevalence, clinical features, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) findings based on 50 patients encountered in one facility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were all patients who had undergone gastric mucosal biopsy endoscopically at Kenwakai Hospital for approximately 10\u00a0years. NHPH infection was diagnosed by microscopic findings of Giemsa staining performed on all specimens. PCR analysis of urease genes was performed to detect and identify NHPH, when informed consent was obtained. <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010diagnostic tests were also performed. NHPH\u2010infected patients were questioned about symptoms and animal contact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>NHPH gastritis was found in 50 of 3847 patients (1.30%). The percentage increased to 3.35% (30 of 896 patients) in the latter 2\u00a0years and 4\u00a0months with increasing recognition of its characteristic endoscopic findings by endoscopists. PCR analysis, performed in 30 patients, detected NHPH in 28 patients: 26 as <jats:italic>Helicobacter suis<\/jats:italic> and 2 as <jats:italic>Helicobacter heilmanii<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Helicobacter ailurogastricus<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010diagnostic tests were almost negative. However, anti\u2010<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> antibody showed high\u2010negative titer (3.0\u20139.9\u00a0U\/ml) in 12. Of 50 patients (consisting of 49 men and 1 woman), almost all were asymptomatic, and 25 were keeping pets. Regarding EGD findings, in all 50 patients, \u201ccrack\u2010like mucosa\u201d and\/or nodular gastritis was noted in gastric antrum, and regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) was noted in gastric corpus. None of the patients infected with NHPH were co\u2010infected with <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence was finally estimated to be approximately 3.35%. <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic> was the most common NHPH species. \u201cCrack\u2010like mucosa\u201d and\/or nodular gastritis in gastric antrum, RAC in gastric corpus, and <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010negativity by <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010diagnostic tests especially containing a high\u2010negative titer of anti\u2010<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> antibody may indicate NHPH infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T05:31:42Z","timestamp":1619587902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence, clinical features, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) findings of non\u2010<i>Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter<\/i> infection: A study of 50 cases at a single facility in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1286-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihisa","family":"Tsukadaira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Kenwakai Hospital Iida Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kenwakai Hospital Iida Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsuko","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Kenwakai Hospital Iida Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Sekiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Kenwakai Hospital Iida Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7604-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Himiko","family":"Kodaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kenwakai Hospital Iida 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