{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:57:17Z","timestamp":1784800637193,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010654","name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gut microbiota is a significant reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The use and misuse of antimicrobials can select multi\u2010resistant bacteria and modify the repertoire of ARGs in the gut. Developing effective interventions to manipulate the intestinal resistome would allow us to modify the antimicrobial resistance risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Applying shotgun metagenomics, we compared the composition of fecal resistome from individuals treated with triple therapy for <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> plus <jats:italic>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/jats:italic> CNCM\u2010I 745 (<jats:italic>Sb<\/jats:italic>) versus triple antibiotherapy without <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>boulardii<\/jats:italic> (control) before, after, and one month after treatments. DNA samples were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Reads were trimmed and filtered for quality, and the reads classified as host genome were removed from further analysis. We used the ResFinder database for resistome analysis and the web\u2010based tool ResistoXplorer and RStudio for graphical representation and statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 641 unique ARGs in all fecal samples, conferring resistance to 18\u00a0classes of antibiotics. The most prevalent ARGs found in at least 90% of the samples before the treatments were against tetracyclines, MLS\u2010B (macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B), beta\u2010lactams, and aminoglycosides. Differential abundance analysis allowed the identification of ARGs significantly different between treatment groups. Thus, immediately after the treatments, the abundance of ARGs that confer resistance to lincosamides, tetracyclines, MLS\u2010B, and two genes in the beta\u2010lactam class (<jats:italic>cfxA<\/jats:italic>2 and <jats:italic>cfxA<\/jats:italic>3) was significantly lower in the group that received <jats:italic>Sb<\/jats:italic> than in the control group (edgeR, FDR &lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrated that the addition of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>boulardii<\/jats:italic> CNCM\u2010I 745 to the conventional antibiotic eradication therapy for <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> reduced the abundance of ARGs, particularly those genes that confer resistance to lincosamides, tetracyclines, MLS\u2010B, and a few genes in the beta\u2010lactams class.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T13:44:08Z","timestamp":1641476648000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/i> CNCM I\u2010745 supplementation modifies the fecal resistome during <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> eradication therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sara Gabriela","family":"Cifuentes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito Institute of Microbiology  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito Institute of Microbiology  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Fornasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas de la Salud y la Vida  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Gastroenterolog\u00eda Prof. Dra. 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