{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:29:33Z","timestamp":1753878573193,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tyva Republic is a small mountainous area at the geographical center of <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asia\">Asia<\/jats:ext-link> in southern <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siberia\">Siberia<\/jats:ext-link>, with a high incidence of gastric cancer. Aim: We examined the prevalence of <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> and associated risk factors among children in Tyva. Methods: Cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among Tuvan children who had upper gastrointestinal symptoms and underwent upper gastroscopy with gastric biopsies. Informed consent was obtained from the parents and assent from the children. Demographic information, ethnicity, parents\u2019 education and employment status, and family size were collected. <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was diagnosed by histologic examination. Results: There were 270 children between the ages 7 and 17\u00a0years (mean 13.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7); 64% girls; 147e Tuvan and 123 Caucasians. The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> was high and similar between boys and girls (55 vs. 57%, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.42). The infection was highest in Tuvan children (67%. vs. 43%, respectively (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.4; 95%CI\u00a0=\u00a01.9.4\u20133), <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.05. <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> prevalence increased with age from 44% among 7 to 10\u00a0years and 64% among those 14 to 17 (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.0; 95%CI\u00a0=\u00a01.6\u20135.8), <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.0.005; the pattern was consistent among both ethnic groups. The prevalence of the infection among Caucasian children was inversely correlated with the level of mother's education (44%, vs. 61%) (i.e., for with and without a college education the OR\u00a0=\u00a02.3; 95%CI\u00a0=\u00a01.2\u20133.7), <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.02. Neither the total number of children nor adults living in the same household correlated with <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> prevalence. Conclusions: Strategies to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer in Tyva will need to start in childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T03:19:08Z","timestamp":1647227948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidemiology <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> infection in children in the Tyva Republic (Russia)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Tamara Vladimirovna","family":"Polivanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North Federal Research Center \u00abKrasnoyarsk Science Center\u00bb of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  Krasnoyarsk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1205-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda","family":"Malaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1410-8747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitaliy Alekseevich","family":"Vshivkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North Federal Research Center \u00abKrasnoyarsk Science Center\u00bb of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  Krasnoyarsk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i18.5191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19901215)66:12<2569::AID-CNCR2820661220>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"955","article-title":"Epidemiological ins and outs of Helicobacter pylori: a review","volume":"62","author":"Muhammad JS","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i48.7357"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"FerlayJ SoerjomataramI ErvikM DikshitR EserS MathersC RebeloM ParkinDM FormanD BrayF GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0. 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