{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:05:12Z","timestamp":1789704312290,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019370","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> is the most important risk factor for non\u2010cardia gastric cancer (NCGC); however, the magnitude of the association varies across epidemiological studies. This study aimed to quantify the association between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and NCGC, using different criteria to define infection status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A pooled analysis of individual\u2010level <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> serology data from eight international studies (1325 NCGC and 3121 controls) from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Consortium was performed. Cases and controls with a negative <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection status were reclassified as positive considering the presence of anti\u2010Cag A antibodies, gastric atrophy, or advanced stage at diagnosis, as available and applicable. A two\u2010stage approach was used to pool study\u2010specific adjusted odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A meta\u2010analysis of published prospective studies assessing <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> seropositivity in NCGCs was conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The OR for the association between serology\u2010defined <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> and NCGC was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87\u20132.42), which increased to 4.79 (95% CI: 2.39\u20139.60) following the reclassification of negative <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. The results were consistent across strata of sociodemographic characteristics, clinical features and lifestyle factors, though significant differences were observed according to geographic region\u2014a stronger association in Asian studies. The pooled risk estimates from the literature were 3.01 (95% CI: 2.22\u20134.07) for ELISA or EIA and 9.22 (95% CI: 3.12\u201327.21) for immunoblot or multiplex serology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The NCGC risk estimate from StoP based on the reclassification of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> seronegative individuals is consistent with the risk estimates obtained from the literature. Our classification algorithm may be useful for future studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T16:24:38Z","timestamp":1646238278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["\u201cTrue\u201d <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> infection and non\u2010cardia gastric cancer: A pooled analysis within the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit \u2010 Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR)  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica e Forenses e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit \u2010 Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR)  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit \u2010 Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR)  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit \u2010 Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR)  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica e Forenses e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Tsugane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer Center  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihisa","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerson Shigueaki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikkei Disease Prevention Center  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelie","family":"Plymoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcis","family":"Leja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO  Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine University of Latvia  Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Latvia  Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Riga East University Hospital  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evita","family":"Gasenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine University of Latvia  Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Latvia  Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Riga East University Hospital  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zaridze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Maximovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad H.","family":"Derakhshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular &amp; Medical Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Pelucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University of Milan  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Humanities Pegaso Telematic University  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Constanza","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Curado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Vioque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante, ISABIAL\u2010UMH  Alicante Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuo\u2010Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"La Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University  Stony Brook NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1870-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Lunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit \u2010 Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR)  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica e Forenses e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans volume 100b: a review of human carcinogens: biological agents","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.3.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyf061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyf060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.137364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-004-0268-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cej.0000236255.95769.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008907924938"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19991008)83:2<223::AID-IJC13>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11680"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-0993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.5.693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"TNM classification of malignant tumours","author":"Union for International Cancer Control","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-010-9553-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f4040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00242-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70422-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-010-9707-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"WellsG SheaB O'ConnellD et al.The Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non\u2010randomised studies in meta\u2010analyses. 2013;http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr384"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520601173863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709028150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27999"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"6735","article-title":"Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process\u2013First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"52","author":"Correa P","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2011.00859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-016-0682-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3173-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.2014.19.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860701843035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90474-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1858-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16608"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3063-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i32.5945"},{"issue":"48","key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"6562","article-title":"Serum pepsinogen levels and their influencing factors: a population\u2010based study in 6990 Chinese from North China","volume":"13","author":"Sun LP","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Genetic pathways of two types of gastric cancer","volume":"157","author":"Tahara E","year":"2004","journal-title":"IARC Sci Publ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33678"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70577-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3696-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5013-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.000513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nux039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Biological agents. Volume 100 B. A review of human carcinogens","volume":"100","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2012","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009709"}],"container-title":["Helicobacter"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hel.12883","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hel.12883","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hel.12883","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T14:29:53Z","timestamp":1692887393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hel.12883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hel.12883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hel.12883","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-4389","1523-5378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-4389","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-5378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12883"}}