{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:23:56Z","timestamp":1779229436563,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Failure rates of clarithromycin\u2010containing triple therapy for<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>are rising. To determine the trend of failure rates of clarithromycin\u2010containing triple therapy in different age groups in Hong Kong over the past 15\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a population\u2010based retrospective age\u2010period\u2010cohort study involving all adult<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected patients who had received the first course of clarithromycin\u2010containing triple therapy in 2003\u20132017. Failed eradication was identified by the need of retreatment within 2\u2009years of eradication. Logistic regression model was used to characterize the risk of retreatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>113,526<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected patients were included. The overall failure rate increased from 4.83% in 2003 to 10.2% in 2016 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>for linear trend &lt;0.001). When stratified by age of eradication, patients 75\u2009years or above had the lowest retreatment rate of 5.11%, which progressively increased in younger patients (60\u201374\u2009years: OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15\u20131.38; 45\u201359\u2009years: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.24\u20131.48; 18\u201344\u2009years: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.41\u20131.69). The results remained consistent when stratified by year of birth, and period of eradication. Other risk factors for retreatment included female (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.18\u20131.30), triple therapy containing metronidazole (OR 2.30, 95% CI 2.12\u20132.50), and shorter duration of therapy (10\u2009days: OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79\u20130.97; 14\u2009days: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58\u20130.77 vs 7\u2009days).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While failure rates of clarithromycin\u2010containing triple therapy progressively increased over the past 15\u2009years, the failure rate was particularly high among younger patients, which could undermine the potential benefits of early<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>eradication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T07:27:41Z","timestamp":1649748461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Age of eradication and failure rates of clarithromycin\u2010containing triple therapy for<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>: A 15\u2010year population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan\u2010Guo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka Shing","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bofei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon Y. K.","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai K.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.101634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00011-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-016-0091-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15490-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12821"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12637","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12637","article-title":"Review: Helicobacter pylori and non\u2010malignant upper gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"24","author":"Boltin 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