{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:49:52Z","timestamp":1785912592479,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macrolide antibiotics are widely used to treat various infections such as pneumonia and sinusitis, and previous exposure to macrolides is presumed to be a risk factor for standard triple therapy failure in <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)<\/jats:italic> eradication. We aimed to determine whether previous use of macrolide antibiotics could affect clarithromycin resistance of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the Korea National Health Insurance Service (NHIS2021\u20101\u2010775) database, a total of 46,160 patients who were tested for clarithromycin resistance of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> from 2016 to 2019 in Korea were identified. Their history of antibiotics in the past 10\u2009years and history of respiratory comorbidity in the past 1\u2009year were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clarithromycin resistance rate of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> in Korea was 16.2%. A multivariate analysis revealed that female sex (OR: 1.472, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), age\u2009&gt;\u200950\u2009years (OR: 1.340, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), previous use of macrolide antibiotics (clarithromycin, OR: 2.902, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; azithromycin, OR: 1.930, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; erythromycin, OR: 2.060, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001; roxithromycin, OR: 2.022, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and history of respiratory comorbidity (sinusitis, OR: 1.271, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; laryngopharyngitis, OR: 1.135, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.032; bronchitis, OR: 1.245, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001; pneumonia, OR: 1.335, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.026) were independent risk factors of clarithromycin resistance in <jats:italic>H. pylori.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of macrolide antibiotics and a recent diagnosis of respiratory disease might increase clarithromycin resistance of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T14:11:44Z","timestamp":1680012704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of prior antibiotic use on clarithromycin resistance in <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Young\u2010Min","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University College of Medicine  Hwaseong South 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