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Duodenal eosinophilia is a potential pathogenic mechanism in FD. However, the impact of duodenal eosinophilia and host genetic polymorphism of innate and pro\u2010inflammatory cascade, nucleotide\u2010binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD\u20101), and interleukin\u20101 beta (IL\u20101\u03b2) in HpD was not explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association of <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\u2010796G&gt;A and <jats:italic>IL\u20101B<\/jats:italic>\u2010511C&gt;T gene variants and low\u2010grade duodenal eosinophilia in HpD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multicenter cross\u2010sectional study was conducted. A total of 253 patients who met Rome\u2010IV criteria were selected before upper endoscopy and 98 patients were included after unremarkable upper endoscopy and positive <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> in gastric biopsies were assessed. Clinical parameters, <jats:italic>H. pylori cagA<\/jats:italic> and duodenal histology, were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010four (65%) patients had epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), 24 (25%) postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), and 10 (10%) EPS\/PDS overlap. FD subtypes were not associated with <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\u2010796G&gt;A and <jats:italic>IL\u20101B<\/jats:italic>\u2010511C&gt;T gene variants. Low\u2010grade duodenal eosinophilia was significantly increased in <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\u2010796 GG versus single A\u2010allele, but not in <jats:italic>IL\u20101B<\/jats:italic>\u2010511 single T\u2010allele or CC\u2010allele. This association is dependent of <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> infection, since harboring <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> strain was significantly associated with low\u2010grade duodenal eosinophilia with isolated variants <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\u2010796 GG and <jats:italic>IL\u20101B<\/jats:italic>\u2010511 single T\u2010allele, but not without <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>. When we performed combined polymorphism analysis with <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\u2010796 GG\/<jats:italic>IL\u20101B<\/jats:italic>\u2010511 single T\u2010allele, a synergistic effect on low\u2010grade duodenal eosinophilia was found between these two loci irrespective of <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> strain status in HpD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that low\u2010grade duodenal eosinophilia is significantly associated with <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\u2010796 GG allele specially in <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> strain and with allelic combination <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\u2010796 GG\/<jats:italic>IL\u20101B<\/jats:italic>\u2010511 single T\u2010allele independent of <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> strain infection in HpD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:33:39Z","timestamp":1687653219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between genetic polymorphisms of NOD1, Interleukin\u20101B, and <i>cagA<\/i> strain with low\u2010grade duodenal eosinophilia in <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\u2010related dyspepsia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0410-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Javier","family":"Barreyro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Molecular (BIOTECMOL). Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda de Misiones \u201cDra. Maria Ebbe Reca\u201d (InBioMis). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones  Posadas Argentina"},{"name":"CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Facundo","family":"Maiorana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Molecular (BIOTECMOL). Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda de Misiones \u201cDra. Maria Ebbe Reca\u201d (InBioMis). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones  Posadas Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Virginia","family":"Caronia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Molecular (BIOTECMOL). Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda de Misiones \u201cDra. Maria Ebbe Reca\u201d (InBioMis). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones  Posadas Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Elizondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Fundaci\u00f3n HA Barcel\u00f3  Santo Tom\u00e9 Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Fundaci\u00f3n HA Barcel\u00f3  Santo Tom\u00e9 Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Dar\u00edo","family":"Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Molecular (BIOTECMOL). Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda de Misiones \u201cDra. Maria Ebbe Reca\u201d (InBioMis). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales. 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