{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:21:16Z","timestamp":1791397276039,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial therapy is necessary to eradicate\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. The emergence of antimicrobial\u2010resistant bacteria poses a threat to continued treatment with antimicrobial agents. For those who prescribe antimicrobial therapy, it is necessary to constantly monitor the emergence of antimicrobial\u2010resistant bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      clinical isolates were collected in Japan from August 2018 to December 2020 for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The agar dilution method was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clarithromycin (CLR), amoxicillin (AMX), metronidazole (MNZ), and sitafloxacin (STX).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MICs for 938\n                      <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were examined. The primary resistance rates of\n                      <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      clinical isolates for CLR, AMX, MNZ, and STX in Japan were 35.5%, 2.7%, 4.2%, and 27.6%, respectively. The primary resistance rates for CLR, AMX, and MNZ were significantly higher than those of the 2002\u20132005 isolates. The resistance rate for CLR was significantly higher in females (males: 30.7%, females: 41.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and higher in the \u226429\u2009years age group (54.8%) than in the other age groups, although there were no significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.104). The MNZ resistance rate was significantly higher in the \u226429\u2009years age group than in the other age groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). The resistance rate for STX increased with age, but a significant difference was only seen between the 30\u201349\u2009years age group and the \u226570\u2009years age group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and the resistance rate was significantly higher in strains isolated in the Kyushu region than in the other regions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The primary resistance rates for CLR, AMX, and MNZ of\n                      <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      clinical isolates in Japan were higher than those of the 2002\u20132005 isolates. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the trends in antimicrobial\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T06:58:25Z","timestamp":1697093905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Antimicrobial\u2010resistant\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    in Japan: Report of nationwide surveillance for 2018\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1653-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadayoshi","family":"Okimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Oita Prefectural Hospital  Oita Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Oita University  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Ando Clinic  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Aichi Medical University School of Medicine  Nagakute Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4485-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoko","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Endoscopy Hokkaido University Hospital  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Intetsu","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention Toho University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Shibayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Chinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Endoscopy Hirosaki University Hospital  Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Tokunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1386-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigemi","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine Japan Community Healthcare Organization Shiga Hospital  Otsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takako","family":"Osaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Surveillance of Antimicrobial\u2010resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo 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