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The elimination of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> is currently considered one of the most effective strategies for the treatment of gastric\u2010related diseases, so antibiotic therapy is the most commonly used regimen for the treatment of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Although this therapy has some positive effects, antibiotic resistance has become another clinically prominent problem. Therefore, the development of a safe and efficient vaccine has become an important measure to prevent <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from January 1980 to March 2023 with search terms\u2014<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> vaccine, adjuvants, immunization, pathogenesis, and <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication in the title and\/or abstract of literature. A total of 5182 documents were obtained. Based on the principles of academic reliability, authority, nearly publicated, and excluded the similar documents, finally, 75 documents were selected, organized, and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the candidate antigens used as <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> vaccines in these literatures are whole\u2010cell antigens and virulence antigens such as UreB, VacA, CagA, and HspA, and the main types of vaccines for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> are whole bacteria vaccines, vector vaccines, subunit vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, epitope vaccines, etc. Some vaccines have shown good immune protection in animal trials; however, few vaccines show good in clinical trials. The only <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> vaccine passed phase 3 clinical trial is a recombinant subunit vaccine using Urease subunit B (UreB) as the vaccine antigen, and it shows good prophylactic effects. Meanwhile, the adjuvant system for vaccines against this bacterium has been developed considerably. In addition to the traditional mucosal adjuvants such as cholera toxin (CT) and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> heat labile enterotoxin (LT), there are also promising safer and more effective mucosal adjuvants. All these advances made safe and effective <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> vaccines come into service as early as possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review briefly summarized the advances of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> vaccines from two aspects, candidates of antigens and adjuvants, to provide references for the development of vaccine against this bacterium. We also present our prospects of exosomal vaccines in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> vaccine research, in the hope of inspiring future researchers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T11:44:59Z","timestamp":1700135099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Advances in <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> vaccine research: From candidate antigens to adjuvants\u2014A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4429-1044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuang","family":"Yunle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine Central 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