{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T13:57:05Z","timestamp":1766671025743,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>) infections can recur as either recrudescence or reinfection. At a time when the decline in the eradication rate is becoming evident, increases in the rate of recurrence are concerning. In addition, there are no guidelines for selecting an eradication regimen for <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic> recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 996 <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected patients treated with proton\u2010pump inhibitor\u2010based triple eradication therapy between 2017 and 2022 were enrolled in the study, and successful eradication therapies were confirmed by the <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010urea breath test. When retested within 1\u2009year after successful eradication, analysis related to recrudescence was performed, and when retested after 1\u2009year, analysis related to reinfection was performed. We reviewed the medical records and treatment outcomes of patients with <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic> reinfection after successful eradication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recrudescence rate was 3.9% (9\/228), and the reinfection rate was 3.7% (36\/970 person\u2010year). The frequency of reinfection reached 5.9% per person\u2010year within the first 24\u2009months and 2.0%\u20132.4% per person\u2010year thereafter. In multivariate factor analysis, reinfection was significantly higher in patients with non\u2010ulcer dyspepsia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). At first\u2010line therapy for reinfection, the eradication rate of standard triple therapy (STT) was 50.0% (16\/32). The eradication rate of second\u2010line bismuth quadruple therapy was 81.3% (13\/16), and levofloxacin\u2010based rescue therapy was 66.7% (2\/3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Re\u2010treatment of patients with <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic> reinfection with STT had limited efficacy. Prospective research is needed to determine whether patients with non\u2010ulcer dyspepsia are vulnerable to reinfection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T13:54:28Z","timestamp":1700574868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recurrence of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> following successful eradication and clinical outcomes in Korean patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8596-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na Rae","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital The Catholic University of Korea  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital The Catholic University of Korea  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1044-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo Chul","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital The Catholic University of Korea  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960100611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14682"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.11.s1.10.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1221","article-title":"Recrudescence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with healed duodenal ulcer after treatment with different regimens","volume":"90","author":"Xia HX","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"Recurrence of H. 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