{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:31:05Z","timestamp":1792189865422,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) strain is the most genetically diverse pathogenic bacterium and now alarming serious human health concern ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer and human death all over the world. Currently, the majority of commercially available diagnostic assays for\n                    <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a challenging task due to the heterogeneity of virulence factors in various geographical regions. In this concern, designing of universal multi\u2010epitope immunogenic biomarker targeted for all\n                    <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains would be crucial to successfully immunodiagnosis assay and vaccine development for\n                    <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the potential immunogenic epitopes of PSA D15 and Cag11 proteins of\n                    <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    , using immunoinformatics web tools in order to design novel immune\u2010reactive multi\u2010epitope antigens for enhanced immunodiagnosis in humans. Through an in silico immunoinformatics approach, high\u2010ranked B\u2010cell, MHC\u2010I, and MHC\u2010II epitopes of PSA D15 and Cag11 proteins were predicted, screened, and selected. Subsequently, a novel multi\u2010epitope PSA D15 and Cag11 antigens were designed by fused the high\u2010ranked B\u2010cell, MHC\u2010I, and MHC\u2010II epitopes and 50S ribosomal protein L7\/L12 adjuvant using linkers. The antigenicity, solubility, physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structures, 3D model refinement, and validations were carried. Furthermore, the designed multi\u2010epitope antigens were subjected to codon adaptation and in silico cloning, immune response simulation, and molecular docking with receptor molecules. A novel, stable multi\u2010epitope PSA D15 and Cag11\n                    <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigens were developed and immune simulation of the designed antigens showed desirable levels of immunological response. Molecular docking of designed antigens with immune receptors (B\u2010cell, MHC\u2010I, MHC\u2010II, and TLR\u20102\/4) revealed robust interactions and stable binding affinity to the receptors. The codon optimized and in silico cloned showed that the designed antigens were successfully expressed (CAI value of 0.95 for PSA D15 and 1.0 for Cag11) after inserted into pET\u201032ba (+) plasmid of the\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K12 strain. In conclusion, this study revealed that the designed multi\u2010epitope antigens have a huge immunological potential candidate biomarker and useful in developing immunodiagnostic assays and vaccines for\n                    <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T07:50:37Z","timestamp":1719301837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immunoinformatics\u2010Based Designing of Novel and Potent Multi\u2010Epitope\n                    <scp>PSA D15<\/scp>\n                    and Cag11 Immunogens for\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    Immunodiagnostic Assay Development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3219-305X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biniam","family":"Moges\u00a0Eskeziyaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology &amp; Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute for Basic Science, Technology and Innovation  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Debre Berhan University  Debre Berhan Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Waihenya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT)  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department College of Health Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT)  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5789-4434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samson","family":"Muuo\u00a0Nzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i36.12781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i6.1438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666171023164813"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12090556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-6896-6.00001-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"BcePred: 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