{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:04:26Z","timestamp":1793109866556,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening with eradication reduces gastric cancer (GC) development. However, it was unknown at what age the\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening should be implemented to achieve the greatest benefits at the least cost. This study aimed to determine the optimal age of\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening for primary GC prevention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A state transition model for a hypothetical cohort of 15\u2010year\u2010olds from a healthcare payer perspective on a lifetime horizon was developed. Nine ages for\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      testing were considered: 15, 18, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80\u2009years.\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening was compared with no screening and annual, biennial, and triennial endoscopies starting at age 50. The main outcomes were costs, quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years (QALYs), life expectancy life\u2010years (LYs), incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratios, GC cases, stage I GC cases, and GC\u2010related deaths. One\u2010way, two\u2010way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the uncertainty of the parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screenings at ages 15\u201380 were more cost\u2010effective than all endoscopies and no screening.\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening at age 15 yielded the greatest cost\u2010saving and benefits. The cost\u2010effectiveness was sensitive to the adherence rate of\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening at age 15. Cost\u2010effectiveness acceptability curves showed that\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening at age 15 was 99.6% cost\u2010effective at a willingness\u2010to\u2010pay threshold of US$50,000 per QALY gained. Compared with no screening and biennial endoscopy in 15.6 million 15\u2010year\u2010olds from 2022 to 2037, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening at age 15 saves US$9.70 million and US$2.39 billion, increases 1.26 million QALYs with 1312 LYs and 651 LYs, prevents 436 GC cases with 254 stage I GC cases and 305 stage I GC cases, and avoids 176 GC\u2010related deaths and 72 GC\u2010related deaths.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The optimal age for population\u2010based\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening at ages 15\u201380 is the youngest, 15\u2009years old. Shifting population\u2010based\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening to younger people will\u00a0reduce GC morbidity and mortality worldwide, along with a detailed investigation of the feasibility and long\u2010term consequences of\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      eradication at a young age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:09:09Z","timestamp":1723594149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cost\u2010Effectiveness of Population\u2010Based\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    Screening With Eradication for Optimal Age of Implementation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5200-4300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiko","family":"Kowada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan"},{"name":"Advanced Research Promotion Center Health Sciences University of Hokkaido  Ishikari\u2010Gun Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"IARC Cancer Today\u2014Global Cancer Observatory 2022 accessed June 3 2024 https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/en."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2011.00889.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i20.2618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2007.00478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00070-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15490-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1999.0029900336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1737579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00747-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"IARC Helicobacter pylori Working Group Helicobacter pyloriEradication as a Strategy for Preventing Gastric Cancer (IARC Working Group Reports No. 8)(IARC 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research. 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