{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:30:56Z","timestamp":1793496656453,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metronidazole is a first\u2010line antibiotic to treat <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infections. However, the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines recommend against using antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) to test metronidazole resistance, due to the unreliable predictive power which can result in treatment failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to establish an 8\u2010h, metabolic\u2010phenotype based AST for <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> metronidazole susceptibility using D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\u2010probed Raman microspectroscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measured by conventional AST (E\u2010test) were compared with expedited MIC via metabolic activity (eMIC\u2010MA) for 10 <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> isolates. Raman barcodes of cellular\u2010response to stress (RBCS) incorporating protein and carbohydrate Raman bands, were utilized to identify a biomarker to distinguish metronidazole susceptibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specifically, eMIC\u2010MA produces metronidazole susceptibility results showing 100% agreement with E\u2010test, and determines the bactericidal dosage for both high\u2010 and low\u2010level resistant <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> strains. In addition, RBCS not just reliably distinguish between metronidazole\u2010susceptible and \u2010resistant strains, but reveal their distinct mechanisms in bacterial responses to metronidazole.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The speed, accuracy, low cost, and rich information content that reveals the mode\u2010of\u2010action of drugs suggest the method's value in guiding metronidazole prescriptions for <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication and in rapid screening based on drug\u2010resistance mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T11:36:05Z","timestamp":1726486565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> to Metronidazole via Single\u2010Cell 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