{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T02:38:20Z","timestamp":1788748700506,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82074187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82074187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A central controversy in autoimmune gastritis (AIG) concerns the true incidence of gastric cancer (GC) and gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs). Reported risks vary widely, potentially influenced by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (HP) status, AIG subtypes, and age\u2013factors not addressed in prior meta\u2010analyses. This study aimed to determine the pooled incidence of GC and gNETs in AIG and to conduct a comprehensive stratified evaluation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library through May 2025 for observational studies reporting incident GC or gNETs in AIG. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and meta\u2010regression were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010three studies were included: 19 hospital\u2010based cohorts (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094309) and 4 registries (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936,015). The pooled incidence of GC was 0.12\/100 person\u2010years (PY; 95% CI, 0.06\u20130.17;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200945.7%) and of gNETs 1.09\/100 PY (95% CI, 0.61\u20131.58;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200981.3%). By subtype, GC incidence was 0.29\/100 PY in pernicious anemia (PA), 0.12 in histopathology\u2010defined AIG, and 0.09 in parietal cell antibody (PCA)\u2010positive patients; gNETs were highest in the hypergastrinemia subgroup (1.74\/100 PY). By HP status, GC incidence was 0.12\/100 PY in HP\u2010na\u00efve and 0.07 in HP\u2010exposed patients. Age\u2010stratified analyses showed a consistent upward trend in patients \u2265\u200960\u2009years for both GC (0.27 vs. 0.10\/100 PY) and gNETs (1.48 vs. 0.87\/100 PY).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study underscores the neoplastic risk associated with AIG. GC incidence is highest in PA and lower in PCA\u2010positive patients, likely reflecting different AIG stages. HP\u2010na\u00efve status does not confer protection, and long\u2010term GC risk persists. Age is a key modifier, providing a useful reference for risk stratification and individualized surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO database (CRD420251047873)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.70096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T04:46:38Z","timestamp":1765860398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Incidence of Gastric Cancer and Neuroendocrine Tumors in Autoimmune Gastritis: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Follow\u2010Up Studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0557-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baixiang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Carlo Xin Peng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0187-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.70065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327827"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Distinct Features of Autoimmune Gastritis in Patients With Open\u2010Type Chronic Gastritis in Japan","volume":"8","author":"Tsuboi M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002619"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.112189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002327"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850166266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-022-01954-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"G. 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