{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T01:08:38Z","timestamp":1773018518017,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018696","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101095359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101095359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10058099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10058099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032850","name":"EU4Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101101252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101101252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Previous antibiotic use influences\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated how prior population\u2010level macrolide (especially clarithromycin) use affects\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      eradication success in na\u00efve patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrospective, multicenter, ecological study. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with modified intention\u2010to\u2010treat effectiveness as the main outcome. Key variables included first\u2010line clarithromycin\u2010based treatments, therapy duration (7, 10, 14\u2009days), proton pump inhibitor dose (low, standard, high), compliance (&gt;\u200990%), and clarithromycin consumption (defined daily doses\/1000 inhabitants\/day, from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network). Nested hierarchical models incorporated macrolide consumption, matched by year and country, and assessed the interaction between consumption and first\u2010line empirical treatments from the European Registry on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      Management (Hp\u2010EuReg).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 27,549 na\u00efve patients from 23 countries with macrolide consumption data from 2013 to 2022. Higher macrolide consumption, within 0 to 8\u2009years before treatment, was associated with reduced treatment effectiveness. The eradication rate consistently decreased as macrolide consumption increased, particularly within the previous 4\u2009years. The efficacy of triple\u2010clarithromycin\u2010metronidazole, triple\u2010clarithromycin\u2010amoxicillin, and some bismuth\u2010quadruple therapies containing clarithromycin decreased with higher macrolide consumption. At the country level, higher population consumption of clarithromycin 2\u2009years before treatment was associated with a decrease in eradication rates from 93% to 82%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher macrolide consumption in the general population negatively impacts the effectiveness of first\u2010line\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      regimens. These findings support that clarithromycin should only be administered as a susceptibility\u2010based therapy, with the strongest negative impact of prior population\u2010level exposure observed within 5\u2009years and diminishing thereafter.\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clincialtrials.gov\">ClincialTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      number, NCT02328131.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T06:40:46Z","timestamp":1770619246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010Term Effect of Macrolides on\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Eradication: Data From the European Registry on\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Management (Hp\u2010\n                    <scp>EuReg<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Olga P.","family":"Nyssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS\u2010Princesa), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid(UAM), and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo J.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de An\u00e1lisis de Datos Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes\u2013Argentina  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9086-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laimas","family":"Jonaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences  Kaunas Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngeles","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010A\u00edsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, RICAPPS Red de Investigaci\u00f3n en Cronicidad, Atenci\u00f3n Primaria y Prevenci\u00f3n y Promoci\u00f3n de la Salud  Marbella Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5616-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bojan","family":"Tepes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology DC Rogaska  Slatina Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1183-1072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo J.","family":"Lucendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital General de Tomelloso, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS\u2010Princesa), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla\u2010La Mancha (IDISCAM)  Tomelloso Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3585-5733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Tejedor\u2010Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de Cabue\u00f1es  Gij\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Bumane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Digestive Diseases Centre, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Garre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS\u2010Princesa), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid(UAM), and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6486-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose M.","family":"Huguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital General Universitario de Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Perona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Quir\u00f3n Marbella  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario La Moraleja, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad CEU San Pablo  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Pab\u00f3n\u2010Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Castro\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9787-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Areia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Portuguese Oncology Institute of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), RISE@CI\u2010IPO (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario R\u00edo Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Le\u00f3n (SACYL)  Valladolid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Moreno","family":"Loro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medicine Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Soledad","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital 12 de Octubre  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Keco\u2010Huerga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0816-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Dom\u00ednguez","family":"Cajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital Universitario San Jorge  Huesca Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Denkovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interni oddelek Diagnostic Centre  Bled Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Surgical Sciences Department Sant\u2019Orsola\u2010Malpighi University Hospital  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2926-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Buz\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Ferencv\u00e1ros Health Center  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frode","family":"Lerang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d8stfold Hospital Trust  Sarpsborg Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Losurdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo M.","family":"Wolfe Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital Sierrallana  Torrelavega Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perminder S.","family":"Phull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Disorders Aberdeen Royal Infirmary  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0857-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juozas","family":"Kupcinskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences  Kaunas Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u0101rcis","family":"Leja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Digestive Diseases Centre, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Marcos\u2010Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department Universidade do Porto, Centro Hospitalar do PortoInstituto De Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS)  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3460-3590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinead M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Papp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blas Jos\u00e9 G\u00f3mez","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica S\u00e1nchez","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Santa B\u00e1rbara  Puertollano Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n Pajares","family":"Villarroya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Section Hospital Universitario Infanta Sof\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Europea de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar Pazo","family":"Mejide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital de Cruces  Barakaldo Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department Hospital Universitario de Burgos  Burgos Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Pascual\u2010Mato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital  Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Bravo\u2010Pache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Salud Mar\u00eda Auxiliadora (SERMAS)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milagrosa","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Donostia University Hospital\u2010Biodonostia Health Research Institute  San Sebastian Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Cano\u2010Catal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Oncology, Endoscopy and Surgery (GOES) research group Institut de Recerca i Innovaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Vida i de la Salut de la Catalunya Central (IRIS\u2010CC), Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universit\u00e0ria de Manresa  Manresa Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8597-2206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS\u2010Princesa), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid(UAM), and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2481-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"M\u00e9graud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1312, BRIC Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"O\u2019Morain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Bujanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV\/EHU), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)  San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier P.","family":"Gisbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS\u2010Princesa), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid(UAM), and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Hp\u2010EuReg investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and associated diseases beyond gastritis and peptic ulcers","volume":"12","author":"Yang J. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327745"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2021.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321372"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091058"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002600"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329826"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17907-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12974"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000223"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001237"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302254"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","volume-title":"The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System With Defined Daily Doses (ATC\/DDD)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12630"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","volume-title":"European Health for all Database","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12554"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-008-0576-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7138-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05083.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2019.6198\/2019","article-title":"Tailored Helicobacter pylori Eradication Based on Prior Intake of Macrolide Antibiotics Allows the use of Triple Therapy With Optimal Results in an Area With High Clarithromycin Resistance","volume":"111","author":"Valle Mu\u00f1oz J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Enfermedades Digestivas"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1109-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2096"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39274.647465.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60235-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","article-title":"Systematic Review of Time Lag Between Antibiotic Use And Rise Of Resistant Pathogens Among Hospitalized Adults in Europe","volume":"20","author":"Poku E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAC\u2010Antimicrobial Resistance"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-4749-6-27"}],"container-title":["Helicobacter"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hel.70107","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hel.70107","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hel.70107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:13:39Z","timestamp":1773015219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hel.70107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hel.70107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hel.70107","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-4389","1523-5378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-4389","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-5378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70107"}}