{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:19:17Z","timestamp":1788149957588,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA0717001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA0717001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The escalating antibiotic resistance of\n \n Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) poses a significant threat to global public health. Continuous local surveillance is crucial due to substantial geographical and temporal variations in resistance patterns.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profile of\n \n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in Shenzhen, China, between 2021 and 2024, and to assess temporal trends and demographic associations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent gastroscopy at Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University from March 2021 to October 2024. Gastric mucosal biopsies were collected for\n \n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n culture, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar dilution method.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among culture\u2010positive isolates, 225 were from treatment\u2010na\u00efve patients and 975 from previously treated patients. Resistance rates in the treatment\u2010na\u00efve vs. previously treated groups were: clarithromycin 17.8% vs. 68.0%, metronidazole 87.1% vs. 97.4%, levofloxacin 11.1% vs. 50.9%, amoxicillin 0.4% vs. 3.1%, and furazolidone 0% vs. 0.1%. No tetracycline\u2010resistant isolates were identified. Significant temporal increases were observed in secondary resistance to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole, as well as in the prevalence of multidrug resistance (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). No sex\u2010based differences were detected in either primary or secondary resistance rates (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). Secondary resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin varied significantly across age groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), whereas primary resistance rates did not.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Between 2021 and 2024,\n \n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n isolates in Shenzhen exhibited high resistance rates to metronidazole, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin, while susceptibility to amoxicillin, furazolidone, and tetracycline remained preserved. Secondary resistance rates increased progressively over time, accompanied by a growing burden of multidrug resistance. Bismuth\u2010containing quadruple therapy and high\u2010dose dual therapy are recommended as first\u2010line empirical regimens for treatment\u2010na\u00efve patients, whereas susceptibility\u2010guided therapy is warranted for those with prior treatment failure.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.70154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:50:04Z","timestamp":1785559804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of\n Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n in Shenzhen, China: A Retrospective Study From 2021 to 2024"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00431-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2025-335523"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00281-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107325"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1294379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v31.i12.104835"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"5027","article-title":"A Retrospective Study of the Antibiotic\u2010Resistant Phenotypes and Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori Strains in China","volume":"11","author":"Zhong Z.","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Cancer 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