{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:49:13Z","timestamp":1791884953866,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) and Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Assessment (OLGIM) systems stratify gastric cancer (GC) risk according to the extent of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. However, the clinical significance of intermediate stages remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between OLGA\/OLGIM stages and GC, with particular focus on the potential role of intermediate stages as early histological risk markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis (PROSPERO CRD42024549931) was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Cohort, case\u2013control, and cross\u2010sectional studies reporting GC incidence or prevalence according to OLGA and\/or OLGIM stage were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale and certainty of evidence using GRADE. Random\u2010effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) and risk ratios (RR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010eight studies involving 23,390 patients were included. Methodological quality was high and certainty of evidence was moderate. Advanced OLGA III\u2013IV and OLGIM III\u2013IV stages were strongly associated with GC (OR 6.49 and 7.76; RR 13.26 and 4.34, respectively). Intermediate stages were also associated with GC in observational studies: OLGA II (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.83\u20134.20;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200971%) and OLGIM II (OR 3.63; 95% CI 2.90\u20134.55;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%). However, prospective cohort studies did not demonstrate a statistically significant increase in future GC incidence for OLGA II (RR 1.20; 95% CI 0.85\u20131.69).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intermediate OLGA and OLGIM stages may represent early histological markers associated with gastric carcinogenesis. Prospective studies are required to determine their predictive value and potential implications for surveillance strategies, particularly in high\u2010incidence populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:35:27Z","timestamp":1791884127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intermediate\n                    <scp>OLGA<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>OLGIM<\/scp>\n                    Stages as Early Risk Markers for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2735-2922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Fr\u00edas\u2010Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Hospital Internacional de Colombia  Bucaramanga Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo Colombiano de Investigaci\u00f3n en Helicobacter Pylori  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5297-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Ni\u00f1o\u2010Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Colombiano de Investigaci\u00f3n en Helicobacter Pylori  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad CES  Medell\u00edn Colombia"},{"name":"Instituto Gastrocl\u00ednico  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Camilo","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad CES  Medell\u00edn Colombia"},{"name":"Instituto Gastrocl\u00ednico  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Caita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad CES  Medell\u00edn Colombia"},{"name":"Instituto Gastrocl\u00ednico  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4858-9400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Dar\u00edo","family":"Portillo\u2010Mi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Colombiano de Investigaci\u00f3n en Helicobacter Pylori  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (GICIENSA), Faculty of Health Sciences, Medicine Program Universidad de Nari\u00f1o  Pasto Colombia"},{"name":"Master's Program in Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  Cali Colombia"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario Departamental de Nari\u00f1o  Pasto Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8259-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnoldo Riquelme","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Centro Para el Control y Prevenci\u00f3n del C\u00e1ncer (CECAN)  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Red de Salud UC Christus Instituto de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7396-2946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Otero\u2010Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo Colombiano de Investigaci\u00f3n en Helicobacter Pylori  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Centro de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Endoscopia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3941-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hernando","family":"Marulanda\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo Colombiano de Investigaci\u00f3n en Helicobacter Pylori  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Centro de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Endoscopia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Hospital Central de la Polic\u00eda  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Hospital de Kennedy  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7748-3536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elder","family":"Otero\u2010Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Endoscopia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6825-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Otero\u2010Regino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo Colombiano de Investigaci\u00f3n en Helicobacter Pylori  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Centro de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Endoscopia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer Journal for 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