{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:14:34Z","timestamp":1790705674218,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]],"date-time":"2012-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"Aim<\/jats:title>The host response in hepatitis E virus (HEV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010related liver disease of pregnant women is unclear. This study was carried out to evaluate the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010\u03b1 in HEV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related acute viral hepatitis (AVH<\/jats:styled-content>) and fulminant hepatic failure (FHF<\/jats:styled-content>) in pregnant women in relation to pregnancy outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The study included 262 pregnant and 158 non\u2010pregnant women with jaundice. There were 160 healthy asymptomatic pregnant women and 124 healthy asymptomatic non\u2010pregnant women as controls. The jaundiced patients were classified as AVH<\/jats:styled-content> or FHF<\/jats:styled-content>. Serum TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 level was assayed by commercially available enzyme\u2010linked immunoassay kits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A significantly higher level of TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 was observed in HEV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected pregnant women than non\u2010HEV<\/jats:styled-content> pregnant women (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001). TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 level was significantly higher in AVH<\/jats:styled-content> and FHF<\/jats:styled-content> of HEV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected pregnant women compared with AVH<\/jats:styled-content> and FHF<\/jats:styled-content> of HEV<\/jats:styled-content> infected non\u2010pregnant women (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036 and P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010, respectively). The HEV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected pregnant FHF<\/jats:styled-content> expired group had significantly higher levels of TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 than the non\u2010pregnant FHF<\/jats:styled-content> expired group (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025). TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 levels were significantly higher in AVH<\/jats:styled-content> of HEV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected pregnant women than healthy pregnant controls (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001). Higher TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 levels were observed in HEV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected women having preterm delivery and low birthweight newborns compared with non\u2010HEV<\/jats:styled-content> and healthy pregnant women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Higher serum concentration of TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 observed in HEV<\/jats:styled-content> infected AVH<\/jats:styled-content> and FHF<\/jats:styled-content> pregnant cases shows that pregnancy with HEV<\/jats:styled-content> infection increases TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 secretion. TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 may be an important factor in the outcomes of pregnancy due to HEV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,22]],"date-time":"2012-11-22T15:17:24Z","timestamp":1353597444000},"page":"826-835","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Serum tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha level in hepatitis E<\/scp> virus\u2010related acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure in pregnant women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Gyaneshwori Devi","family":"Salam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maulana Azad Medical College and 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