{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:28:31Z","timestamp":1791268111263,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"Aim<\/jats:title>Myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>) can be induced or expanded in tumor\u2010bearing mice and cancer patients. The frequency of MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> denoted here as L<\/jats:styled-content>in\u2212\/low<\/jats:sup>CD<\/jats:styled-content>33+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212<\/jats:sup> was investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC<\/jats:styled-content>) patients. The clinical relevance of MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> and patients' characteristics were examined. Also, MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related immune regulatory pathways in these patients were discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The quantity of MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> was tested in peripheral blood of patients with HCC<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200963) and healthy donors (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200956). The expressions of interferon (IFN<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010\u03b3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>), cyclooxygenase (COX<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20102, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP<\/jats:styled-content>)\u201013, nitric oxide synthase (NOS<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20102 and arginase (ARG<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101 were analyzed. Co\u2010culturing with anti\u2010CD<\/jats:styled-content>3\/CD<\/jats:styled-content>28\u2010stimulated T lymphocytes was used to determine the suppressive effect of MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> on the T lymphocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Patients with treatment\u2010naive HCC<\/jats:styled-content> had an increased subpopulation of L<\/jats:styled-content>in\u2212\/low<\/jats:sup>CD<\/jats:styled-content>33+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>) with characteristics of MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> and associated to the stage (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0004). Patients with splenomegaly had a higher frequency of circulating MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>. Also, COX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 and VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> were expressed differently associated with the alteration of MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Our study provides evidence showing an increased population of L<\/jats:styled-content>in\u2212\/low<\/jats:sup>CD<\/jats:styled-content>33+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212<\/jats:sup> MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> in the peripheral blood of HCC<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Our data also suggest that MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 and COX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 in PBMC<\/jats:styled-content> may play a new important role companied with MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> in HCC<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]],"date-time":"2013-05-22T12:03:01Z","timestamp":1369224181000},"page":"639-650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Increased circulating L<\/scp>in\u2212\/low<\/sup>CD<\/scp>33+<\/sup>HLA\u2010DR<\/scp>\u2212<\/sup> myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 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