{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:15:14Z","timestamp":1770509714281,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>) is in the 10 leading cancer types, being difficult to detect as most of patients who develop this tumor have no symptoms other than those related to their long\u2010standing liver disease. The liver is constantly exposed to bacterial products, viral infection, alcohol or other products, which may be the cause of chronic liver damage, and thus an increasing risk for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>. Toll\u2010like receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>) have gained an extraordinary interest in cancer research due to their role in several biological processes such as innate immune responses, the induction of adaptive immune responses, regulation of inflammation, would healing and carcinogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical relevance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR3<\/jats:styled-content>, 4 and 9 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR3<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR4<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR9<\/jats:styled-content> were analyzed in tumors from 30 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>. The analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with various clinicopathological findings and with overall survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR3<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly high in large tumors (&gt;4\u2009cm in diameter) compared with small tumors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Our results demonstrated that patients whose tumors showed both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR4<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR9<\/jats:styled-content> positive immunostaining had poor prognosis. In addition, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR9<\/jats:styled-content> expression by fibroblast\u2010like cells was significantly associated with a shortened overall survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrated an association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR3<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR4<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR9<\/jats:styled-content> expression and tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T12:45:55Z","timestamp":1370522755000},"page":"769-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Toll\u2010like receptors 3, 4 and 9 in 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