{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:14:20Z","timestamp":1791321260893,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,12]],"date-time":"2013-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ie prefecture and to investigate whether raw pig liver sold as food in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ie is contaminated with hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content> virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content>) strains similar to those recovered from patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen patients with sporadic acute hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content> treated from 2004 to 2012 were studied. A total of 243 packages of raw pig liver from regional grocery stores were tested for the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>. The partial genomic sequences of human and swine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> isolates were determined and subjected to the phylogenetic analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> isolates recovered from the 17 patients segregated into genotype 3 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) and genotype 4 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), and 15 genotype 3 isolates further segregated into 3e (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911) and 3b (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). Pig liver specimens from 12 (4.9%) of the 243 packages had detectable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>. All 12 swine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> isolates were grouped into genotype 3 (3a or 3b). Although no 3e strains were isolated from pig liver specimens, two 3b swine strains were 99.5\u2013100% identical to two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> strains recovered from hepatitis patients, within 412\u2010nt partial sequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3e <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> was prevalent among hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content> patients. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> was detected in approximately 5% of pig liver sold as food. The presence of identical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> strains between hepatitis patients and pig liver indicated that pigs play an important role as reservoirs for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> in humans in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ie. Further studies are needed to clarify the source of 3e <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> in the animal and environmental reservoirs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T15:22:26Z","timestamp":1375975346000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Characterization of sporadic acute hepatitis <scp>E<\/scp> and comparison of hepatitis <scp>E<\/scp> virus genomes in acute hepatitis patients and pig liver sold as food in <scp>M<\/scp>ie, <scp>J<\/scp>apan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Okano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Suzuka General Hospital  Suzuka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaharu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology Department of Infection and Immunity Jichi Medical University School of Medicine  Shimotsuke Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Isono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Suzuka General Hospital  Suzuka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Suzuka General Hospital  Suzuka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Fujita Health University Nanakuri Sanatorium  Tsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Oya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Mie Prefectural General Medical Center  Yokkaichi 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