{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T06:15:28Z","timestamp":1761977728652,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]],"date-time":"2013-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Aim<\/jats:title>In J<\/jats:styled-content>apan, genotypes B<\/jats:styled-content> and C<\/jats:styled-content> are the predominant genotypes isolated from patients with chronic hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content>, while genotype A<\/jats:styled-content> predominates in patients with acute hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content>. Globalization, however, appears to have changed the distribution of the hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content> virus (HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) genotypes. Thus, the viral characteristics of HBV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes other than genotypes A<\/jats:styled-content>, B<\/jats:styled-content> and C<\/jats:styled-content> were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Screening of genotypes was performed by enzyme immunoassay and\/or polymerase chain reaction INVADER<\/jats:styled-content> method in 222 patients with HBV<\/jats:styled-content>. The full\u2010length nucleotide sequences of unusual strains were compared to those in the database, followed by construction of a phylogenetic tree.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Unusual HBV<\/jats:styled-content> strains were isolated from two patients: a 27\u2010year\u2010old J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese bisexual man with acute hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content> with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> co\u2010infection and a 52\u2010year\u2010old Japanese man with chronic hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content>. The former strain was classified as genotype H<\/jats:styled-content>, showing an overall identity of 99.8% to the T<\/jats:styled-content>hailand strain (EU498228), while the nucleotide sequence of the latter strain showed similarity to the genotype B<\/jats:styled-content> strains isolated in M<\/jats:styled-content>alaysia (JQ027316<\/jats:styled-content>) and I<\/jats:styled-content>ndonesia (JQ429079<\/jats:styled-content>) between DR2<\/jats:styled-content> and DR1<\/jats:styled-content> in the X<\/jats:styled-content> region, with identities of 96.9%. However, this strain was classified as genotype H<\/jats:styled-content> by full\u2010length sequence analysis, and the sequence between nt2023 and nt2262 showed no similarity to that in any previously reported strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>HBV<\/jats:styled-content> strains showing recombination between genotype B<\/jats:styled-content> and H<\/jats:styled-content> strains were found even in chronic hepatitis patients in J<\/jats:styled-content>apan. Globalization may yield HBV<\/jats:styled-content> strains of possible novel genotypes containing novel nucleotide sequences in the precore\/core region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T07:01:08Z","timestamp":1378882868000},"page":"1130-1141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Novel hepatitis B<\/scp> virus strain developing due to recombination between genotypes H<\/scp> and B<\/scp> strains isolated from a J<\/scp>apanese patient"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Uchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty of Medicine Saitama Medical University Moroyamacho Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010ichi","family":"Kouyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 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