{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T16:43:00Z","timestamp":1774456980536,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,13]],"date-time":"2014-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M3R<\/jats:styled-content>) is expressed in biliary tracts as well as in exocrine glands. It is reported that some patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content>) carry autoantibodies against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M3R<\/jats:styled-content>. The aim of this study is to clarify the presence, potential use as diagnostic marker and clinical roles of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M3R<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We synthesized peptides encoding the extracellular domains of human\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M3R<\/jats:styled-content>, including the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010terminal region, the first, second and third extracellular loops. Antibodies against these regions were examined by peptide\u2010based enzyme\u2010linked immunoassay in sera of 90 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> and 40 with chronic hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content>), 21 with non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NASH<\/jats:styled-content>), 10 with primary sclerosing cholangitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSC<\/jats:styled-content>), 14 with obstructive jaundice, 10 with drug\u2010induced liver injury and 42 healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibodies to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010terminal, first, second and third loop were detected in 90.0% (81\/90), 73.3% (66\/90), 76.7% (69\/90) and 66.7% (60\/90) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content>, in 67.5% (27\/40), 10.0% (4\/40), 67.5% (27\/40) and 27.5% (11\/40) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content>, in 85.7% (18\/21), 9.5% (2\/21), 4.8% (1\/21) and 57.1% (12\/21) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NASH<\/jats:styled-content>, in 60.0% (6\/10), 20.0% (2\/10), 60.0% (6\/10) and 60.0% (6\/10) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSC<\/jats:styled-content>, in 100.0% (14\/14), 0% (0\/14), 64.3% (9\/14) and 78.6% (11\/14) of obstructive jaundice, in 100.0% (10\/10), 0% (0\/10), 30.0% (3\/10) and 10.0% (1\/10) of drug\u2010induced liver injury, and in 4.8% (2\/42), 7.1% (3\/42), 2.4% (1\/42) and 2.4% (1\/42) of the controls, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high frequency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content> carried anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M3R<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies. Anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M3R<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies against the first loop of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M3R<\/jats:styled-content> are a potentially useful diagnostic marker for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T08:14:10Z","timestamp":1398068050000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anti\u2010<scp>M<\/scp>3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antibodies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Tsuboi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Ohira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Asashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Tsuzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mana","family":"Iizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Sumida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki 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