{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:29:55Z","timestamp":1790112595406,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]],"date-time":"2015-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) suffer from a variety of subjective symptoms, and the assessment of health\u2010related quality of life (HRQOL) is crucial. The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) is the first liver disease\u2010specific instrument for this purpose. In this study we aimed to develop the Japanese version of CLDQ and to assess its validity and reliability in Japanese patients with chronic viral hepatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The participants included 135 Japanese patients chronically infected with hepatitis B or C virus. The Japanese version of the CLDQ was developed according to the standard \u201cback\u2010translation\u201d method. In addition to the Japanese version of the CLDQ, we asked the patients to fill out two other self\u2010report questionnaires: the Japanese versions of the 36\u2010Item Short Form Survey (SF\u201036) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Then, the internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity of the Japanese version of CLDQ were statistically examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cronbach's alpha of the Japanese version of the CLDQ was acceptable. The mean score was lower in emotional domains of the CLDQ, compared with those in somatic domains. Pearson correlations between Japanese CLDQ and SF\u201036 and HADS were significant. The mean of the CLDQ scores decreased in all domains in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with those in patients with chronic hepatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Japanese version of the CLDQ is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment of the HRQOL of Japanese patients with chronic viral hepatitis. The results also suggest that the HRQOL of Japanese patients is mainly impaired by emotional factors rather than somatic symptoms, and significantly worsened by progression of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T18:33:00Z","timestamp":1428604380000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Validation of the Japanese version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire for the assessment of health\u2010related quality of life in patients with chronic viral hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 4th Department of Internal Medicine Teikyo University, School of Medicine  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiko","family":"Aiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoriyuki","family":"Takamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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