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These BAs generated by the GM are potent signaling molecules that interact with BA receptors, such as the farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G\u2010protein\u2010coupled receptor 5. Each BA has a differential affinity to these receptors; therefore, alterations in BA composition by GM could modify the intensity of receptor signaling. Bile acids also act as antimicrobial agents by damaging bacterial membranes and as detergents by altering intracellular macromolecular structures. Therefore, BAs and the GM reciprocally control each other's compositions. 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