{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:14:27Z","timestamp":1790957667674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a serious public health issue not only in Western countries but also in Japan. Within the wide spectrum of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of disease that often develops into liver cirrhosis and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While a definite diagnosis of NASH requires liver biopsy to confirm the presence of hepatocyte ballooning, hepatic fibrosis is the most important prognostic factor in NAFLD. With so many NAFLD patients, it is essential to have an effective screening method for NAFLD with hepatic fibrosis. As HCC with non\u2010viral liver disease has increased markedly in Japan, effective screening and surveillance of HCC are also urgently needed. The most common death etiology in NAFLD patients is cardiovascular disease event. Gastroenterologists must, therefore, pay close attention to CVD when examining NAFLD patients. In the updated guidelines, we propose screening and follow\u2010up methods for hepatic fibrosis, HCC, and CVD in NAFLD patients. Several drug trials are ongoing for NAFLD\/NASH therapy, however, there is currently no specific drug therapy for NAFLD\/NASH. In addition to vitamin E and thiazolidinedione derivatives, recent trials have focused on sodium glucose co\u2010transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) analogues, and effective therapies are expected to be developed. These practical guidelines for NAFLD\/NASH were established by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology in conjunction with the Japan Society of Hepatology. Clinical evidence reported internationally between 1983 and October 2018 was collected, and each clinical and background question was evaluated using the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. This English summary pro\u2010 vides the core essentials of these clinical practice guidelines, which include the definition and concept, screening systems for hepatic fibrosis, HCC and CVD, and current therapies for NAFLD\/NASH in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T09:02:26Z","timestamp":1631869346000},"page":"1013-1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Evidence\u2010based clinical\u00a0practice guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 2020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Katsutoshi","family":"Tokushige","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the \u201cEvidence\u2010Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease\/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis\u201d The Japanese 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