{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:39:04Z","timestamp":1790735944173,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19ae0101075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19ae0101075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20gm0010006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20gm0010006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to develop a novel noninvasive test using an artificial intelligence\/neural network system (called HCC\u2010Scope) to diagnose early\u2010stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the background of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 175 patients with histologically proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 55 patients with NASH\u2010HCC were enrolled for training and validation studies. Of the 55 patients with NASH\u2010HCC, 27 (49.1%) had very early\u2010stage HCC, and six (10.9%) had early\u2010stage HCC based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system. Diagnosis with HCC\u2010Scope was performed based on 12 items: age, sex, height, weight, AST level, ALT level, gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase level, cholesterol level, triglyceride level, platelet count, diabetes status, and IgM\u2010free apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage level. The FMVWG2U47 hardware (Fujitsu Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) and the originally developed software were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HCC\u2010Scope had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% for the differential diagnosis between non\u2010HCC and HCC in a training study with gray zone analysis. It was also excellent in the validation study (95.0% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, and 97.1% NPV with gray zone analysis and 95.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, and 97.1% NPV without gray zone analysis). HCC\u2010Scope had a significantly higher sensitivity (85.3%) and specificity (85.1%) than alpha\u2010fetoprotein (AFP) level, AFP\u2010L3 level, des\u2010gamma\u2010carboxy prothrombin (DCP) level, and the gender\u2013age\u2013AFP\u2010L3\u2013AFP\u2013DCP (GALAD) score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HCC\u2010Scope can accurately differentially diagnose between non\u2010HCC NASH and NASH\u2010HCC, including very early\u2010stage NASH\u2010HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T04:00:06Z","timestamp":1691985606000},"page":"1213-1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Artificial intelligence\/neural network system that accurately diagnoses hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2390-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Okanoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saiseikai Suita Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanji","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihide","family":"Shima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saiseikai Suita Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhide","family":"Mitsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saiseikai Suita Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saiseikai Suita Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichiro","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saiseikai Suita Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saiseikai Suita Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Seko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michihisa","family":"Moriguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshito","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for AIM Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"LEAP Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Mol\u00e9culaire Plateforme GENOMAX Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale UMR_S 1109 Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Hospitalo\u2010Universitaire OMICARE F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de M\u00e9decine Translationnelle de Strasbourg Laboratory of Excellence TRANSPLANTEX Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016\u20105085(99)70506\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072\u2010022\u201010454\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535\u2010017\u20101398\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13826"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.2.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281\u2010018\u20100717\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201006824\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.08.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau1199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102007\u20101007122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"957","article-title":"Reference change values for lens.culinaris agglutinin\u2010reactive \u03b1\u2010fetoprotein and des\u2010\u03b3\u2010carboxy prothrombin in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"50","author":"Kanke F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/23723556.2014.985915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185490"}],"container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hepr.13955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,17]],"date-time":"2023-12-17T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1702810982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hepr.13955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hepr.13955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hepr.13955","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-6346","1872-034X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-6346","type":"print"},{"value":"1872-034X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}