{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:56:32Z","timestamp":1785207392126,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n Patients with chronic liver disease often experience significant physical, psychological, and financial burdens. These burdens result from repeated long\u2010term hospital visits or admissions caused by progression to decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with viral liver disease may fear discrimination or social prejudice. This study aimed to clarify the employment status of patients with liver disease in Japan and provide basic data to promote support for balancing treatment and work responsibilities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A cross\u2010sectional questionnaire survey on employment was conducted among patients attending 22 hospitals across Japan.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Of the 4022 respondents, 2183 were analyzed, including 1694 (77.6%) participants with liver disease. Patients with liver disease were predominantly male and in their 60 s. Disclosure of health information to the workplace was significantly lower among patients with viral liver disease (80.8%) than among those without liver disease or with nonviral liver disease. The intention to continue working after diagnosis was significantly higher among patients with malignancies than among those without. However, this intention did not significantly differ between liver disease and non\u2010liver disease groups. The awareness rate of the support system for balancing treatment and work program was 27.1%, with no significant difference observed between the liver disease and malignancy groups. Awareness was significantly higher in large workplaces, where full\u2010time occupational health physicians are mandated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Workers with viral liver disease may hesitate to disclose their condition owing to fear of discrimination or prejudice. Therefore, raising awareness of support systems that protect all workers with illnesses, while considering stigma and discrimination, is essential.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.70048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T16:34:51Z","timestamp":1759595691000},"page":"214-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Employment Status of Patients With Liver Disease: A Nationwide Questionnaire Survey in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3008-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshio","family":"Tokumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4117-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoichi","family":"Hiasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Gastroenterology & Hepatology Saitama Medical University Moroyama\u2010cho Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Oono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Yukimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Ehime Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6793-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Tatsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Core Center for the Treatment of Liver Disease Tokushima University Hospital Tokushima Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4712-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hironori","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Inazawa Kosei Hospital Aichi Prefectural Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives Inazawa Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Nagoya City University Hospital Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Horino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department Kochi Medical School Hospital Nankoku Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kochi Medical School Nankoku Kochi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9216-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Ikegami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center Ami\u2010machi Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1171-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Isoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center Saga University Hospital Saga Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2374-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center Saga University Hospital Saga Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Arao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Saiseikai Yamaguchi General Hospital Yamaguchi Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Tojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0224-7093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Kakizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research NHO Takasaki General Medical Center Takasaki Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Shimakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Hospital Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Tatemichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3442-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatehiro","family":"Kagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4366-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masatsugu","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritsuzo","family":"Kozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Oita University Hospital Yufu Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4693-5736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Locomedical General Institute Locomedical Eguchi Hospital Ogi Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Korenaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Information Center The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology National Institute of Global Health and Medicine Japan Institute for Health Security Ichikawa Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Global Progress Report on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2021. 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