{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:57:14Z","timestamp":1772992634031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the molecular characteristics and genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is essential to elucidate intra and inter community transmission routes, identify cluster cases, and assess clinical implications based on genotype\u2010specific virulence. This study aimed to investigate HBV genotype distribution in a geographically isolated Japanese islands with high HBV endemicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1977 to 2008, all 34,136 residents of the Kamigoto area in the Goto Islands were screened for HBsAg, identifying 1474 positive cases (4.3%). Among them, 916 stocked serum samples with sufficient volume were randomly selected. HBV DNA levels were quantified using real\u2010time PCR. Genotyping was carried out through nested PCR targeting the overlapping surface\u2010polymerase or surface gene, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Full genome sequencing was conducted on 23 randomly selected samples to identify sub\u2010genotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HBV DNA was detected in 82.9% of participants. Genotyping was successful in 81.8%, revealing predominant genotype C (96.5%), followed by genotypes B (3.1%) and A (0.4%). Phylogenetic analysis identified multiple genotype C clusters, suggesting intra\u2010community transmission. Full genome sequencing confirmed sub\u2010genotypes C2 and B1, closely related to\u00a0Japanese reference strains. HBV DNA levels were significantly higher in younger age groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), with no sex difference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study presents rare population\u2010based molecular evidence of sustained HBV genotype C2 endemicity and intra\u2010community transmission within a defined setting. The findings underscore clinical significance of implementing targeted area\u2010 and population\u2010specific strategies including early detection through screening, linkage to care, vaccination, and long\u2010term surveillance, as an effective model for HBV micro\u2010elimination in high\u2010burden communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:25:08Z","timestamp":1761071108000},"page":"292-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Population\u2010Based Molecular Surveillance of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in the Goto Islands, Japan: A Three Decade Study (1977\u20132008) of 916 Carriers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6961-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ko","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Disease Control and Prevention Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Project Research Center for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Golda Akuffo","family":"Ataa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Disease Control and Prevention Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Project Research Center for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hiroshima University  Hiroshima 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Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1056-3611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Akita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Disease Control and Prevention Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Project Research Center for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Disease Control and Prevention Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Project Research Center for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hiroshima University  Hiroshima 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