{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:39:05Z","timestamp":1782103145344,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Expectations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supported self\u2010management improves asthma outcomes, but implementation requires adaptation to the local context. Barriers reported in Western cultures may not resonate in other cultural contexts. We explored the views, experiences and beliefs that influenced self\u2010management among adults with asthma in multicultural Malaysia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with asthma were purposively recruited from an urban primary healthcare clinic for in\u2010depth interviews. Audio\u2010recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We interviewed 24 adults. Four themes emerged: (1) Participants believed in the \u2018hot and cold\u2019 concept of illness either as an inherent hot\/cold body constitution or the ambient temperature. Hence, participants tried to \u2018neutralize\u2019 body constitution or to \u2018warm up\u2019 the cold temperature that was believed to trigger acute attacks. (2) Participants managed asthma based on past experiences and personal health beliefs as they lacked formal information about asthma and its treatment. (3) Poor communication and variable advice from healthcare practitioners on how to manage their asthma contributed to poor self\u2010management skills. (4) Embarrassment about using inhalers in public and advice from family and friends resulted in a focus on nonpharmacological approaches to asthma self\u2010management practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asthma self\u2010management practices were learnt experientially and were strongly influenced by sociocultural beliefs and advice from family and friends. Effective self\u2010management needs to be tailored to cultural norms, personalized to the individuals' preferences and clinical needs, adapted to their level of health literacy and underpinned by patient\u2013practitioner partnerships.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient and Public Contributions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients contributed to data. Members of the public were involved in the discussion of the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T18:31:13Z","timestamp":1630089073000},"page":"2078-2086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sociocultural influences on asthma self\u2010management in a multicultural society: A qualitative study amongst Malaysian adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6866-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen Ming","family":"Koh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Rawang Health Clinic Ministry of Health of Malaysia  Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Ihsan","family":"Abu Bakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9610-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norita","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5976-8386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary","family":"Pinnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2865-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su May","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9140-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nik Sherina","family":"Hanafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Kek","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bee Kiau","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salbiah","family":"Mohamed Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandar Botanic Health Clinic, Ministry of Health Malaysia  Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7022-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3191-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ee Ming","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32130-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Global Burden of Diseases Profile: Malaysia. 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