{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:47:35Z","timestamp":1790279255504,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Expectations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent systematic reviews suggest mediating factors (barriers and facilitators) of help\u2010seeking for children and young people (CYP) with a range of mental health problems but highlight the need for a more robust methodology underpinned by theoretical frameworks. Emotional abuse and neglect is the most prevalent and pervasive form of abuse, with many CYP remaining unknown to professional services. These CYP are underrepresented in help\u2010seeking research yet seek help from their peers via anonymous online publicly available message communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To sensitively co\u2010develop qualitative methodology to explore \u2018real\u2010world\u2019 data to inform our understanding of help\u2010seeking for these CYP, and define potential mediators (barriers and facilitators) and mechanisms of change associated with online peer support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Co\u2010production with 10 young co\u2010researchers (YCoR; aged 14\u201318 years) from the NeurOX Young People's Advisory Group\u00a0(YPAG) included co\u2010development and triangulation to apply different research methods (i.e., interpretative phenomenological, thematic\u00a0and conversation analyses) to analyse rich ethnographic material from 20 publicly available online message conversations between help\u2010seekers experiencing or questioning emotional abuse and neglect. A theoretical model of adolescent help\u2010seeking proposed by Rickwood et al.\u00a0was used as a conceptual framework to guide methodological development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The methodological approach facilitated the identification of barriers and facilitators of help\u2010seeking contextualized to the lives of these CYP: understanding and validating of abuse, emotional competence, fears and uncertainties around disclosure, knowledge, motivational factors\u00a0and connection\/trusted relationships. Notably, positive changes in expressed or perceived \u2018psychological state\u2019 and\/or intention to seek help were noticed in 9 of 10 message threads that included a \u2018conversation\u2019 (\u22653 posts). Themes associated with change related to connection with supportive peers; compassionate responding\u00a0and\u00a0the safeness of the online community. The existing adolescent help\u2010seeking model was found to be too simplistic to account for help\u2010seeking associated with emotional abuse and neglect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The novel methodological approach offers a meaningful way to explore \u2018real\u2010world\u2019 data with YCoR, for a population underrepresented in help\u2010seeking research. Proposed relational mechanisms involve connection, compassion\u00a0and online communities. Further research coproduced with YCoR with diverse care experiences and characteristics is required to upscale the methodology and further validate and extend the findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>The core study was co\u2010produced with 10 YCoRs from the NeurOX YPAG who have been involved in over 135\u2009h on and offline work. Their roles involved co\u2010deciding the direction of the study, evolving methodology, detailed co\u2010analysis\u00a0and reflective processes throughout all aspects of the study, interpretation, presentation\u00a0and discussion of the findings with the NSPCC and Childline, and involvement in all communications. Additional consultation and involvement included further interested members of the NeurOX YPAG for the final online workshop and dissemination outputs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T12:17:15Z","timestamp":1665404235000},"page":"3124-3142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Developing a novel co\u2010produced methodology to understand \u2018real\u2010world\u2019 help\u2010seeking in online peer\u2013peer communities by young people experiencing emotional abuse and neglect"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience, Ethics and Society Group, Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Evidence Team NSPCC London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Evidence Team NSPCC London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NeurOX","family":"YPAG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9796-2107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Hamilton\u2010Giachritsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Bath Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8715-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Lavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30002-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105429"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02659-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01469-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08789-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"When Children Seek Help in Non\u2010Face\u2010to\u2010Face Settings: What Do We Know? A Review of the Literature","author":"Davis JM","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5172\/jamh.4.3.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515618946"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/car.995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13642987.2016.1248125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BennettV GillC MillerP Clara Sayers and NeurOX YPAG Members AppletonJV.\u2018In their own words\u2019: a naturalistic co\u2010produced study of young people's experiences of emotional maltreatment expressed in anonymous. Online peer\u2010peer online message forums.\u00a02022. (under review). doi:10.31234\/osf.io\/dmkwr","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/dmkwr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406920958909"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/13873"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03069881003600991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics.Child Abuse in England and Wales: March 2020.\u00a0Office for National Statistics.\u00a0Accessed September 18 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/crimeandjustice\/bulletins\/childabuseinenglandandwales\/march2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.6921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445611403356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.4418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2020.1769238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcm.2016.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445609358518"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445606061876"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2007.37.4.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BennettV GillC MillerP SmithA BennettC SinghI. Co\u2010production approach to understand on\u2010line help\u2010seeking for young people experiencing emotional abuse and neglect: methodology evaluating meaningful involvement and impact.Health Expect.2022.\u00a0doi:10.1111\/hex.13622","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/9cv8f"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12911"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406920921600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449608400256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-021-00786-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009435"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315716305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","first-page":"275","volume-title":"John Bowlby and Attachment Theory","author":"Holmes J","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020903004350"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40639-017-0033-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.586161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-017-0850-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-019-01353-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Online\u00a0peer support training to promote adolescents' emotional support skills, mental health and agency during COVID\u201019: randomised controlled trial and qualitative evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Pavarini G","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur\u00a0Child Adoles\u00a0Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012200511045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","unstructured":"BennettV GillC MillerP NeurOXYPAG.\u00a0A Community Online: Young People Helping Young People on the Childline Message Boards.\u00a0NSPCC Learning;\u00a02021. Accessed September 18 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/learning.nspcc.org.uk\/media\/2689\/childline-message-boards-research-evidence-briefing.pdf"}],"container-title":["Health Expectations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hex.13621","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hex.13621","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hex.13621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T03:40:46Z","timestamp":1692675646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hex.13621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hex.13621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hex.13621","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-6513","1369-7625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-6513","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-7625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}