{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:42:52Z","timestamp":1761514972194,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Expectations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u00a0disproportionately affect young gay, bisexual\u00a0and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and transgender women of colour. We explored the experiences of community\u2010based peer navigators (\u2018Community Navigators\u2019) who participated in <jats:italic>Impact Triad<\/jats:italic>, a bilingual multilevel intervention developed by our community\u2010based participatory research partnership to reduce STIs and HIV and address social determinants of health (e.g., employment, education, social support\u00a0and discrimination) among young GBMSM and transgender women of colour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individual in\u2010depth interviews were conducted with 15 Community Navigators who participated in <jats:italic>Impact Triad<\/jats:italic>. Themes were identified through constant comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community Navigators' mean age was 31.4 years. Seven\u00a0were self\u2010identified as African American\/Black, 5 as Latine, 2 as multiracial\/multiethnic, 1 as Asian American, 10\u00a0as cisgender men, 4 as transgender women\u00a0and 1 as gender nonbinary. Thirteen themes emerged in three domains: (1) key aspects of the Community Navigator role (e.g., desire to serve as a community resource, the importance of being part of the communities in which one was working, the value of having an official role, being connected to other Community Navigators to problem\u2010solving\u00a0and sustaining intervention aspects long\u2010term); (2) experiences implementing <jats:italic>Impact Triad<\/jats:italic> (e.g., engaging community members, meeting prioritized needs, building trust, using social media, increasing awareness and knowledge\u00a0and challenges related to COVID\u201019)\u00a0and (3) lessons learned for future interventions (e.g., facilitating access to broader resources, building additional skills and increasing interactions among Community Navigators).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interviews identified important learnings about serving as Community Navigators and implementing <jats:italic>Impact Triad<\/jats:italic> that can guide future efforts to address STI\/HIV disparities and social determinants of health through community\u2010based peer navigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>Throughout this intervention trial, our partnership worked collaboratively with a study\u2010specific community advisory board (CAB) comprised primarily of young GBMSM and transgender women of colour. Members of this CAB participated in all aspects of the trial including trial design, intervention development, recruitment and retention strategies, data collection and analysis, interpretation of findings\u00a0and dissemination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T11:49:04Z","timestamp":1672832944000},"page":"728-739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Experiences of peer navigators implementing a bilingual multilevel intervention to address sexually transmitted infection and HIV disparities and social determinants of health"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Robles Arvizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina Winston\u2010Salem USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7088-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilli","family":"Mann\u2010Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina Winston\u2010Salem USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Alonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina Winston\u2010Salem USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina Winston\u2010Salem USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucero","family":"Refugio Aviles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina Winston\u2010Salem USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina Winston\u2010Salem USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina Winston\u2010Salem USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2019.\u00a02021. Accessed August 10 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/2019\/default.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV in the United States and dependent areas.2021.\u00a0Accessed August 10 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/statistics\/overview\/ataglance.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Syphilis & MSM (men who have sex with men)\u2014CDC fact sheet.\u00a02022.\u00a0Accessed August 10 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/syphilis\/stdfact-msm-syphilis.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601206010098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"HessK HuX LanskyA MerminJ HallHI. Estimating the lifetime risk of a diagnosis of HIV infection in the United States. Paper presented at: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 22\u201325 2016;\u00a0Boston MA. Accessed August 10 2022.https:\/\/www.croiconference.org\/sessions\/estimating-lifetime-risk-diagnosis-hiv-infection-united-states"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u00a0HIV in the southern United States.\u00a02019. Accessed August 10 2022.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/policies\/cdc-hiv-in-the-south-issue-brief.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"WiltzT. Southern states are now the epicenter of HIV\/AIDS in the US.The Washington Post. September 22 2014.\u00a0Accessed August 10 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/southern-states-are-now-epicenter-of-hivaids-in-the-us\/2014\/09\/22\/9ac1525a-39e6-11e4-9c9f-ebb47272e40e_story.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1640847"},{"volume-title":"The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey","year":"2016","author":"James S","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1"},{"volume-title":"LGBT People's Experiences of Workplace Discrimination and Harassment","year":"2021","author":"Sears B","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Social determinants of health among adults with diagnosed HIV infection.2019. Accessed November 17 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-supplemental-report-vol-27-2.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818d3cad"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918774788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Sexually transmitted infections national strategic plan for the United States: 2021\u20132025.2020.\u00a0Accessed August 10 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/STI-National-Strategic-Plan-2021-2025.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.19.1.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0900-1_7"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"019","article-title":"Community\u2010based participatory research studies on HIV\/AIDS prevention, 2005\u20132014","volume":"2","author":"Coughlin SS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jacobs J Community Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.su6501a8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.0150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1999-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2015.1112348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50086-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839912462391"},{"volume-title":"Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook","year":"1994","author":"Miles MB","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019819702400402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.0148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13547-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"482","article-title":"Adapting a group\u2010level PrEP promotion intervention trial for transgender Latinas during the COVID\u201019 pandemic","volume":"34","author":"Rhodes S","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106973"}],"container-title":["Health Expectations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hex.13698","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hex.13698","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hex.13698","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T05:39:08Z","timestamp":1692682748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hex.13698"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hex.13698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hex.13698","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-6513","1369-7625"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1369-6513"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1369-7625"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}