{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:44:41Z","timestamp":1763142281932,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Expectations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are disproportionately impacted by socioeconomic deprivation and are at increased risk of developing other long\u2010term conditions (LTCs). These illnesses require transformative action to tackle the adverse effects on their health. Data on lived experiences of LTCs among people living with HIV of Black African and Black Caribbean ethnicities are sparse, and how people with LTCs are impacted by social determinants of health (SDoH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through a phenomenological study design this qualitative study, conducted in 2022, comprised four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 20 people of Black ethnicities living with HIV were purposively invited from a community organisation (CO) in London, including four semistructured interviews with CO staff. Following transcription, qualitative data were analysed thematically and measures to validate the findings were implemented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings are presented in terms of the following four levels of SDoH: (1) individual determinants (such as the impact of SDoH on lifestyle modification and self\u2010management); (2) interpersonal determinants (such as positive experiences of accessing healthcare for LTCs); (3) clinical determinants (such as care pathway barriers)\u00a0and (4) systemic determinants (such as systemic barriers related to race\/ethnicity).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is necessary to provide ongoing and interactive education to community members who live with HIV, focusing on risks and management of LTCs. Additionally, individuals would benefit from support to navigate increasingly complex and fragmented health services. Health Service staff require cultural competence when caring for patients of Black African and Black Caribbean ethnicities with complex health and psychosocial needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>The research team collaborated with an HIV\u00a0CO\u00a0in South London from the very start of the project to agree the study design and learn about the realities of their daily lived experiences. Community collaborators helped to develop the semistructured interview and FGD\u00a0topic guides, and were directly involved in the data gathering, analysis and validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.14055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T07:39:02Z","timestamp":1714117142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Social determinants of health and long\u2010term conditions in people of Black African and Black Caribbean ethnicity living with HIV in London: A\u00a0qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9235-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad","family":"Kolodin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3467-078X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Barbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5451-5419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Onyango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Advocacy Foundation London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2997-8478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Musomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Advocacy Foundation London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6156-7199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GKT Hospital, School of Medical Education, Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4117-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel K. 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