{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T01:55:55Z","timestamp":1772848555922,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Expectations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Engaging with the public can influence policy decisions, particularly towards more radical policy change. While established research exists exploring public perceptions on causes of health inequalities, much less exists on how to tackle health inequalities in the UK. Despite an emphasis on \u2018lived experience\u2019, currently no study has focused on how individuals with very poor health conceive of both causes of, and solutions to, health inequalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Q methodology was used to identify and describe the shared perspectives that exist on causes of, and solutions to, health inequalities experienced in low\u2010income communities. Community participants living with low\u2010incomes and poor health (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) and professional stakeholders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) from London rank ordered 34 \u2018Causes\u2019 and 39 \u2018Solutions\u2019 statements onto quasi\u2010normal shaped grids according to their point of view. Factor analysis defined factors for both \u2018Causes\u2019 and \u2018Solutions\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis produced three\u2010factor solutions for both the \u2018Causes\u2019 and \u2018Solutions\u2019. \u2018Causes\u2019 are (i) \u2018Systemic inequality and poverty\u2019, (ii) \u2018Ignored and marginalised communities\u2019, (iii) \u2018Precariousness, chronic stress and hopelessness\u2019. \u2018Solutions\u2019 are (i) \u2018Meeting basic needs and providing opportunities to thrive\u2019, (ii) \u2018Empowering individuals to take control\u2019, (iii) \u2018Supporting healthy choices\u2019. No professional stakeholders aligned with \u2018Ignored and marginalised communities\u2019 while at least one community participant or professional stakeholder aligned with all other factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results support the view that the public has a relatively sophisticated understanding of causes of health inequalities and help challenge assumptions held by policy actors that lay members of the public do not recognise and understand more upstream ways to respond to health inequalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>The public contributed to the design of the Q study. Surveys and interviews with community participants informed the development of the statement set and the statement set was also piloted with community participants and finalised based on feedback.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T12:50:03Z","timestamp":1734439803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Causes, Solutions and Health Inequalities: Comparing Perspectives of Professional Stakeholders and Community Participants Experiencing Low Income and Poor Health in London"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"McHugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3451-2018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4670-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cam","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow Scotland UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology &amp; Population Health (NCEPH), Australian National University Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahalya","family":"Bala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law and Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mojarrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Social Research London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0422-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Biosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"HM Government Levelling Up the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Levelling Up Housing and Communities: HM Government;2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"The Labour Party NHS Mission: Building an NHS fit for the Future The Labour Party;2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-202064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m693"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01869-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00192-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55016\/ojs\/jcph.v1i2.77753"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13825"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13260"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-3884-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114458"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.082743"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494819848276"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7895-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12483"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1332\/174426420X15838217456181"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137026583"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","volume-title":"Health Inequalities: Critical Perspectives","author":"Collins C.","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"653","article-title":"Reframing Inequality? 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