{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:03:15Z","timestamp":1778220195736,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Expectations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia is a complex medical condition that poses significant challenges to healthcare systems and support services. People living with dementia (PLWD) often face complex needs, exacerbated by social isolation and difficulty accessing support. Social prescribing (SP) has been increasingly integrated into the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) as a means to connect individuals with non\u2010clinical services to address these challenges. However, current research provides limited detail on specific SP interventions tailored to dementia care, leaving gaps in understanding the targeted needs, participation drivers, effectiveness and potential benefits for PLWD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A complex intervention systematic review of SP in dementia care was performed in the United Kingdom using an iterative logic model approach. Six databases and grey literature were searched, supplemented by hand searching for reference lists of included studies. Results were screened in a two\u2010step process, followed by data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed using Gough's Evidence of Framework. Reporting was informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis (PRISMA\u2010CI) extension statement and checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty\u2010nine studies, reporting on PLWD, met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that SP for PLWD in the United Kingdom is varied and lacks focus, reflecting the diverse demographics involved. Interventions encompass cognitive, educational, psychosocial, physical, community and complementary therapies, of inconsistent classification, with some being umbrella interventions and others standalone services. Provided by the NHS, charities and integrated services, SP involves a range of referrers and connectors. Finally, individual outcomes show benefits such as increased independence and improved mood, but challenges pertaining to suitability and logistical issues, whereas systemic outcomes include cost savings and better service delivery, despite high implementation costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SP pathways for PLWD are varied, with success relying heavily on adequately resourced and trained connectors. While benefits extend beyond health improvements, further research is needed to assess long\u2010term impacts, refine mechanisms and standardise evaluation metrics for SP effectiveness in dementia care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient and Public Contributions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A PPI advisory group, consisting of a person living with dementia and a caregiver, was actively involved throughout the review process, providing insights into the review questions, the logic model, emerging findings and interpretation of results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T02:10:13Z","timestamp":1747102213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reimagining Dementia Care: A Complex Intervention Systematic Review on Optimising Social Prescribing (SP) for People Living With Dementia (PLWD) in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6504-515X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evie","family":"Papavasiliou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8234-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8912-4901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5513-7571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Bradbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9480-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7566-4555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Irvine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-4632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esme","family":"Moniz\u2010Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull Hull UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6361-2297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimee","family":"Pick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3823-5668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Polley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meaningful Measures Ltd. Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8398-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Rathbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3184-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull York Medical School Hull UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0209-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dame Louise","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Rook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3827-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Euan","family":"Sadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5789-7862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Wolverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of West London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4201-1093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7003-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"SPLENDID Collaboration","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization World Failing to Address Dementia Challenge accessed 20 October 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/02-09-2021-world-failing-to-address-dementia-challenge."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Research UK Dementia Statistics Hub. Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia. Alzheimer's Research UK 2024 https:\/\/dementiastatistics.org\/about-dementia\/prevalence-and-incidence\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0612-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/47577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Inequalities in Dementia Services","author":"Powell T.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Social Prescribing in Bexley: Pilot Evaluation Report","author":"Palmer D.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00208-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/WWOP-08-2017-0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of Age Better in Sheffield: Qualitative Insights Into Interventions to Address Social Isolation and Loneliness","author":"Dayson C.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423617000706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-2893-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3437-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.20981.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta12040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/KHHA0861"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta16480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02671520701296189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"J.Popay H.Roberts A.Sowden et al. Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews: A Product From the ESRC Methods Programme 2006 doi:10.13140\/2.1.1018.4643."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/WWOP-07-2017-0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301217722443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","volume-title":"Access to Dementia Diagnosis and Support in a Diverse South Asian Community: A Qualitative Study","author":"Atcha M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spol.12127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0549-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01488376.2016.1242448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301220981240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","volume-title":"HEALTHBRIDGE: The National Evaluation of Peer Support Networks and Dementia Advisers","author":"Clarke C. L.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X16001069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02614367.2019.1595091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301216658158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308022618804479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012211007397"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01418-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215001507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0559-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301220984912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069221077521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12949"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4276\/030802213X13757040168270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2005.03396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301214520780"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/HE-08-2017-0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17430437.2020.1825383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1052776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13663666200900045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2022.2098921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S293921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/mhp.18.10.20.e948"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230701529681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","volume-title":"Promoting Diversity and Inclusiveness in Dementia Services in Salford","author":"Ahmed A.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","volume-title":"The Social and Economic Impact of the Rotherham Social Prescribing Pilot: Main Evaluation Report","author":"Dayson C.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","volume-title":"The Rotherham Social Prescribing Service for People With Long\u2010Term Health Conditions: Annual Evaluation Report","author":"Dayson C.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","unstructured":"C.Goodman A.Arthur S.Buckner et al. National Institute for Health Research Policy Research Programme Project Dementia Friendly Communities: The DEMCOM Evaluation (PR\u2010R15\u20100116\u201021003) 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","volume-title":"Investigation Into the Feasibility of a Social Prescribing Service in Primary Care: A Pilot Project","author":"Brandling J.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14738\/assrj.21.808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/nihropenres.13325.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","unstructured":"Forward With Dementia Extra Resources for Social Prescribers. Forward With Dementia: A Guide to Living With Dementia accessed October 20 2024 https:\/\/www.forwardwithdementia.org\/en\/article\/extra-resources-for-social-prescribers\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization Constitution","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Health Expectations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hex.70289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T09:43:49Z","timestamp":1763113429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hex.70289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hex.70289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hex.70289","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-6513","1369-7625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-6513","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-7625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70289"}}