{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:53:29Z","timestamp":1791039209871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Expectations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Returning research results to participants is increasingly recognised as part of participant\u2010centred health research. How this is implemented in longitudinal cohort studies is not yet well characterised. This study aims to provide a descriptive overview of current result return practices across diverse cohort studies in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drawing on the Amsterdam Cohort Hub, an infrastructure of population\u2010based and patient\u2010based cohorts in the Netherlands, representatives of 24 affiliated cohort studies completed a structured questionnaire administered via individual interviews. The questionnaire covered what results are returned, to whom, when and how. Individual\u2010level and group\u2010level return were distinguished. Cohorts also reported on motivations for returning results and barriers encountered in doing so. Data were summarised descriptively using frequencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individual\u2010level results beyond incidental findings were returned by 15 cohorts (65.2%), while group\u2010level results were returned by 23 cohorts (96%). Individual\u2010level return primarily involved physical and laboratory measures or was embedded in routine clinical care. Group\u2010level results were mainly shared through newsletters. Practices varied by cohort type and were shaped by ethical considerations and practical constraints. Concerns about participant misinterpretation and limited resources were the most reported barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Return of research results is widely practised across cohort studies, but varies considerably in approach, shaped by ethical considerations, perceived communication risks, and financial and practical constraints. This descriptive overview of current practices may serve as a starting point for cohorts seeking to reflect on or develop their own result return procedures. Future research should examine the effects of various forms of result return on participant engagement and retention, as well as the role of participant preferences in shaping these practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study includes a descriptive inventory of patient and public involvement in longitudinal cohort studies, in the form of result return practices. The findings are directly relevant to research participants, as they concern how cohort studies communicate research results to the people who contribute their data. The results may inform how cohorts develop and improve their participant communication strategies in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:18:56Z","timestamp":1791037136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Return of Research Results to Participants in Longitudinal Cohort Studies in Health Research: Findings From 24 Cohorts of the Amsterdam Cohort Hub"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7983-1971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuwei","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6464-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke F. van","family":"Wier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Section Ear and Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0111-0557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femke","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam Research Institute Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen van der","family":"Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Agyemang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7022-2106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Balt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"113 Suicide Prevention, Research Department Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8088-1105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke M. 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