{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:56:26Z","timestamp":1791374186563,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Expectations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to co\u2010create a nurse\u2010led women's empowerment group intervention to facilitate the deprescription of benzodiazepines and Z\u2010hypnotics in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>User\u2010centred design based on co\u2010creation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review was conducted to identify female empowerment programmes that served as an initial prototype. The subsequent user\u2010centred design applied a co\u2010creation methodology in two structured phases: (1) Exploratory, to identify contextual needs and barriers, and (2) Development, to collaboratively define the intervention's final structure and content. Participants included chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z\u2010hypnotics and primary care professionals (doctors, nurses, and pharmacists) who actively engaged in the collaborative design process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Exploratory phase identified structural and clinical deprescribing barriers, and female clients' knowledge gaps. Empowerment was confirmed as a key facilitator. The Development phase prioritised content (self\u2010esteem, self\u2010image, and healthcare) and adjusted the group intervention's format (duration, frequency, and structure) based on participant input.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The co\u2010creation process resulted in an eight\u2010session intervention, with support cards and a training video for nurse\u2010facilitators. This collaboration ensured the final design was precisely tailored to women's needs and clinical practice, maximising its feasibility and relevance. The intervention facilitates the tapering of benzodiazepines and Z\u2010hypnotics by combining women's empowerment with individualised and supervised dose reduction by primary care clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What Does This Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community?<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demonstrates how co\u2010creation with clients and healthcare professionals can lead to contextually adapted nurse\u2010led interventions centred on women's empowerment.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Highlights the role of women's empowerment as a catalyst for deprescribing long\u2010term benzodiacepines and Z\u2010hypnotics in primary healthcare. Introduces a structured and co\u2010created eight\u2010session intervention supported by a nurse\u2010training video and support cards, offering practical toolkits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clients (as users) and primary care healthcare professionals actively participated in the design of the intervention aimed at empowering women. Their involvement included participation in co\u2010creation workshops, in which needs and everyday realities relevant to the process of deprescribing benzodiazepines and Z\u2010hypnotics were identified. The structure and content of the group intervention, as well as its relevance and feasibility, were defined collaboratively. This direct participation made it possible to develop an intervention that was more client\u2010centred, equitable, and aligned with clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This manuscript follows the short\u2010form Guidance for Reporting Patient and Public Involvement (GRIPP2) checklist (Staniszewska et al., 2017) to ensure transparent reporting of the co\u2010creation process, in which clients and healthcare professionals actively participated in the design, development, and evaluation of the intervention (Additional file\u00a0. GRIPP 2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:36:13Z","timestamp":1791372973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Women's Empowerment Nurse\u2010Led Group Intervention for Benzodiazepine and Z\u2010Hypnotic Deprescription in Primary Healthcare: Results of a Co\u2010Creation Process"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8854-5695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaia","family":"Cuesta\u2010Zigorraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto San Sebastian Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5069-7104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlota","family":"Las Hayas Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5358-552X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garazi","family":"Aldanondo Aristizabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deusto Physical TherapIker, Physical Therapy Department Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto San Sebastian Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2104-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"S\u00e1nchez S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network for Research on Chronicity Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) Bilbao Spain"},{"name":"Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Primary Healthcare San Sebastian Spain"},{"name":"Osakidetza, Intxaurrondo Health Center San Sebastian Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_18_2_1","unstructured":"European Commission. 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