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The presence of HPV<\/jats:styled-content> and hypermethylation of the MGMT<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, p16<\/jats:italic>, RASSF<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>, RASSF<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>, TSLC<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> and TSP<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> genes were studied in penile LS<\/jats:styled-content>; MGMT<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, RASSF<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> and TSLC<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> hypermethylation in penile cancer and TSLC<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> hypermethylation in vulvar LS<\/jats:styled-content> and cancer extends previous results reported by our group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods and results<\/jats:title>Thirty\u2010seven HPV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes and hypermethylation were evaluated by PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\/reverse\u2010line\u2010blot and methylation\u2010specific PCR<\/jats:styled-content> respectively, in 27 preputial LS<\/jats:styled-content>, 24 penile SCC<\/jats:styled-content>, 30 vulvar SCC<\/jats:styled-content>, 21 vulvar LS<\/jats:styled-content> and 22 normal skin cases. HPV<\/jats:styled-content>66 was present in 3.7% of penile LS<\/jats:styled-content> cases, and p16<\/jats:italic> and RASSF<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> hypermethylation were more frequent in penile cancer than in penile LS<\/jats:styled-content>. p16<\/jats:italic>, RASSF<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>, RASSF<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> and TSP<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> hypermethylation were similar in penile and vulvar LS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Gene hypermethylation is a common event in penile LS<\/jats:styled-content>, and occurs approximately as frequently as in vulvar LS<\/jats:styled-content>. Certain genes can be hypermethylated as an early or late event in LS<\/jats:styled-content> or cancer, respectively. This suggests a possible sequential role for these alterations in the transition from benign to malignant lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T08:22:11Z","timestamp":1371457331000},"page":"659-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Differential gene hypermethylation in genital lichen sclerosus and cancer: a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Guerrero\u2010Setas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarrabiomed\u2010Miguel Servet Foundation Pamplona Navarra Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noem\u00ed","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Janices","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarrabiomed\u2010Miguel Servet Foundation Pamplona Navarra Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaya","family":"Ojer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarrabiomed\u2010Miguel Servet Foundation Pamplona Navarra Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Blanco\u2010Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarrabiomed\u2010Miguel Servet Foundation Pamplona Navarra Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Guarch\u2010Troyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care Navarra Health Service Pamplona Navarra Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Guarch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Section B Hospital Complex of Navarra Navarra Health Service Pamplona Navarra Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.95461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.76.4.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in a married couple","volume":"173","author":"Zapolski\u2010Downar A","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dermatol. 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