{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:25:10Z","timestamp":1790144710456,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]],"date-time":"2013-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>2 is a key regulatory gene in embryonic stem cells. Although it has been implicated in cancer progression, its role in breast carcinoma is poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010seven ductal carcinomas <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCIS<\/jats:styled-content>), 552 invasive breast carcinomas and 107 corresponding metastatic lymph nodes were evaluated immunohistochemically for the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOX<\/jats:styled-content>2. Its correlation with clinicopathological features, other biomarker profiles and patients\u2019 outcomes were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOX<\/jats:styled-content>2 was detected in 19.0% (105 of 552) of invasive breast carcinomas and 12.3% (seven of 57) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCIS<\/jats:styled-content>. Expression correlated with larger tumour size (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.005) and higher grade (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.002). It was associated negatively with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.015) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.046) expression, but positively with Ki67 index (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.013). Interestingly, it was also associated with neuroendocrine marker expression (synpatophysin and chromogranin\/synaptophysin, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.048 and 0.028, respectively). Expression appeared to be independent from that of common stem cell markers, namely <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>44, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>24 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>1). Furthermore, a higher rate of expression was observed in metastatic lymph nodes than in the corresponding primary tumours (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.034). High <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOX<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression was correlated with poor disease\u2010free survival (log\u2010rank=9.489, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.012) and was an independent prognostic factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>=2.918, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.015) in patients with high nodal stages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOX<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression was related to adverse breast carcinoma profile and poor outcome in selected patient groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,17]],"date-time":"2013-08-17T07:26:40Z","timestamp":1376724400000},"page":"494-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Increased <scp>SOX<\/scp>2 expression in less differentiated breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Shenzhen Second People Hospital Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Hua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Bi","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Y S","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siu\u2010Ki","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kwong Wah Hospital Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip C W","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Union Hospital Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex M C","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Union Hospital Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puay\u2010Hoon","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong 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