{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T04:33:22Z","timestamp":1764304402245},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]],"date-time":"2014-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clusterin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLU<\/jats:styled-content>) is a sulphated glycoprotein implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. We have previously demonstrated that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLU<\/jats:styled-content> is highly expressed in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s). The aims of this study were: to investigate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLU<\/jats:styled-content> expression in gastrointestinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s; the potential correlation between this expression and different clinicopathological parameters; and its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of liver metastases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunohistochemistry using an anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLU<\/jats:styled-content> antibody was performed on paraffin sections from 108 primary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>3 (13 cases), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>2 (18 cases), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>1 (77 cases), according to the 2010 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content> classification] and 60 metastases. Cytoplasmic positivity was scored qualitatively and quantitatively. The pattern of staining was also assessed. Two\u2010step statistical analyses (univariate and multivariate logistic regression) were performed. More than 90% of small\u2010intestine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s were completely negative. The probability of obtaining a positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLU<\/jats:styled-content> score was higher for the appendix, the stomach, the duodenum and the rectum than for the small intestine and colon. All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>3 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s and most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>2 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s were negative as compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>1. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLU<\/jats:styled-content> expression in the metastatic foci was identical to that of the primary tumour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clusterin expression in gastrointestinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s is highly correlated with location and probably also with grading, in both the primary tumour and metastases. Underexpression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLU<\/jats:styled-content> in small\u2010intestine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s is helpful for identifying the origin of liver metastases: a strong <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLU<\/jats:styled-content> score in a liver biopsy makes the small intestine highly unlikely as a primary site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T18:26:54Z","timestamp":1399487214000},"page":"642-650","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clusterin expression in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours is highly correlated with location and is helpful in determining the origin of liver metastases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Najat","family":"Mourra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology St\u2010Antoine Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelie","family":"Scriva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology St\u2010Antoine Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohann","family":"Mansiaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR\u2010S 707 Paris VI University Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gozlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology St\u2010Antoine Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malika","family":"Bennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery St\u2010Antoine Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Balaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department St\u2010Joseph Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)32238-5","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a cell\u2010aggregating factor (clusterin) the major glycoprotein in ram rete testis fluid","volume":"258","author":"Blaschuk O","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. 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