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In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the clinical significance of unexpected<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPTX<\/jats:styled-content>histopathological findings, to determine whether such findings justify routine histological examination of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPTX<\/jats:styled-content>specimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records and slides from all<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPTX<\/jats:styled-content>resections at our institution from 2002\u20132012 were reviewed. Clinically significant unexpected histological findings were identified in 8.3% of 72 patients, including: one patient with lung cancer, one with endometriosis, one with Birt\u2013Hogg\u2013Dub\u00e9 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BHD<\/jats:styled-content>) syndrome, and three with \u2018bong lung\u2019. Detection of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BHD<\/jats:styled-content>syndrome has the potential to avert advanced renal carcinoma by identifying individuals who should undergo periodic abdominal<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>screening. The cost of treating a case of advanced renal carcinoma far exceeds that of histologically examining all<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPTX<\/jats:styled-content>specimens received in a 10\u2010year period at our institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gross examination alone is an inadequate evaluation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPTX<\/jats:styled-content>specimens. This is the first study to demonstrate that routine histological examination of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPTX<\/jats:styled-content>specimens is justified, in that it discloses unexpected findings that are clinically significant and impact on patient management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T15:59:15Z","timestamp":1411055955000},"page":"675-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pathological findings in spontaneous pneumothorax specimens: does the incidence of unexpected clinically significant findings justify routine histological examination?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Sauter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Vermont\/Fletcher Allen Health Care Burlington VT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly J","family":"Butnor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Vermont\/Fletcher Allen Health Care Burlington VT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2005.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000157998.68800.cb"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0330-OA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"302","article-title":"The necessity of routine pathologic evaluation of hemorrhoidectomy specimens","volume":"174","author":"Cataldo PA","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol. 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