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Myomatous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> was the most common type, and a predominantly epithelioid cell population was observed in 50% of the samples. Two\u2010thirds of all samples contained &lt;20% of fat tissue. Four cases of monotypic epithelioid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> were discovered without prognostic implications. Elevated phospho\u2010p70S6 kinase expression was noted in 19 samples in the absence of phospho\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKT<\/jats:styled-content> activity. Loss of heterogeneity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOH<\/jats:styled-content>) of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSC<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSC<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> was found in 15 samples. As compared wityh syndromic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> samples, sporadic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> samples showed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOH<\/jats:styled-content> of microsatellite markers to a limited extent. Only four samples had increased \u03b2\u2010catenin expression in the context of concurrent high expression of phospho\u2010p70S6 kinase and phospho\u2010S6 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.018).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The low fat content and epithelioid cytomorphology in hepatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> potentially obstruct preoperative and pathological diagnosis. Alteration of the m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOR<\/jats:styled-content> pathway and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOH<\/jats:styled-content> of the tuberous sclerosis complex genes is a frequent pathogenesis in hepatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T05:37:03Z","timestamp":1411105023000},"page":"695-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Alterations of the m<scp>TOR<\/scp> pathway in hepatic angiomyolipoma with emphasis on the epithelioid variant and loss of heterogeneity of <i><scp>TSC<\/scp>1<\/i>\/<i>TSC2<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Shih\u2010Chiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huei\u2010Chieh","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai\u2010Di","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010Lin","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwai\u2010Fong","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ta\u2010Sen","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tse\u2010Ching","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-1679-HA","article-title":"Hepatic angiomyolipoma","volume":"132","author":"Petrolla AA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. 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