{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:37:50Z","timestamp":1790800670503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify an immunohistochemical panel for paediatric malignant epithelial liver tumours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010five hepatoblastomas (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>s), 13 paediatric hepatocellular carcinomas (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>s) and two hepatocellular malignant neoplasms not otherwise specified (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>) were chosen for immunohistochemical staining of glypican 3 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPC<\/jats:styled-content>3), \u03b2\u2010catenin, claudin\u20101, delta\u2010like protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLK<\/jats:styled-content>), and forkhead box protein G1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXG<\/jats:styled-content>1). Immunostaining was quantitatively analysed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIH <\/jats:styled-content><jats:sc>imagej<\/jats:sc> software coupled with colour deconvolution. Different subtypes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content> showed distinct staining patterns of\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPC<\/jats:styled-content>3, \u03b2\u2010catenin, and claudin\u20101. Moreover, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPC<\/jats:styled-content>3, \u03b2\u2010catenin and claudin\u20101 all showed higher expression in classic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content> and embryonal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content> than in fetal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> GPC<\/jats:styled-content>3 showed complete negativity in small\u2010cell undifferentiated (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCU<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content> and fibrolamellar <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLC<\/jats:styled-content>); \u03b2\u2010catenin showed the strongest expression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCU HB<\/jats:styled-content> but the weakest expression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLC<\/jats:styled-content>. A panel of these three immunomarkers was useful for the diagnosis of hepatocellular malignant neoplasms <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>. The expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLK<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXG<\/jats:styled-content>1 was inconstant among fetal and embryonal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content> and classic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A panel of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPC<\/jats:styled-content>3, \u03b2\u2010catenin and claudin\u20101 is helpful for differentiating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content> subtypes and distinguishing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content> from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T15:24:34Z","timestamp":1430753074000},"page":"905-913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Quantification of glypican 3, \u03b2\u2010catenin and claudin\u20101 protein expression in hepatoblastoma and paediatric hepatocellular carcinoma by colour deconvolution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Shengmei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Parham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Yung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine LAC+USC Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pattengale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Risk factors for pediatric malignant liver tumours","volume":"68","author":"Ferris ITJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"An. 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