{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T22:36:26Z","timestamp":1782426986075,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]],"date-time":"2015-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIHR Royal Marsden\/ICR Biomedical Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary intrathoracic sarcomas constitute a rare, heterogeneous group of neoplasms that occur in the lung parenchyma, pleura, and mediastinum. Although pathologically diverse, they frequently show similar clinical and radiological features, and accurate histopathological diagnosis is therefore crucial for correct management and prognostication. The characterization of sarcomas can be difficult, as there is frequent overlap between the histological patterns of benign and malignant lesions, and between different malignant tumours and with non\u2010mesenchymal neoplasms. This is particularly critical within the thorax, where many spindle cell neoplasms represent tumours of epithelial origin or metastatic disease. Immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic techniques are important ancillary contributors to histological interpretation, but several groups of tumours still lack reliable immunohistochemical markers or reproducible genetic changes. We review the pathology of the major types of intrathoracic sarcoma with reference to clinical factors, morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T15:06:55Z","timestamp":1435763215000},"page":"755-770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Updates in the approach to intrathoracic sarcomas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Khin","family":"Thway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarcoma Unit Royal Marsden Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Royal Brompton Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarcoma Unit Royal Marsden Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology Royal Brompton Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181d8fe80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(04)01385-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)42181-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70333-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.5-3-179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone","author":"Fletcher CDM","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours of lung, pleura, thymus and heart","author":"Travis WD","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199905000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199312000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.3.g02ma17621"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000213393.57322.c7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.5858\/2010-0086-RAR.1","article-title":"Sarcomatoid neoplasms of the lung and pleura","volume":"134","author":"Travis WD","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199702000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00125480-200605000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181882c54"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31822b325b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318033c7c4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2008.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2012.04220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31821ea567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Standards and datasets for reporting cancers. Dataset for histopathology reporting of soft tissue sarcomas","author":"Fisher C","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","volume-title":"Standards and datasets for reporting cancers. Dataset for lung cancer histopathology reports","author":"Nicholson AG","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"The utility of frozen sections for cardiothoracic soft tissue tumours","volume":"61","author":"Green AC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2010.03707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biopsy interpretation of soft tissue tumors","author":"Fisher C","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2010.076133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31825485c5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb01444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1092-9134(98)80042-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000157934.50936.3e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198906000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181e85c87"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1998.00565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199601000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2006.4.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1997.d01-616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-955886"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5761\/atcs.cr.12.01908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP45SSNAOPXYXU"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2009.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199806000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03110-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Impact of SYT\u2013SSX fusion type on the clinical behavior of synovial sarcoma: a multi\u2010institutional retrospective study of 243 patients","volume":"62","author":"Ladanyi M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.06.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.12094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a40.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Unusual thoracic manifestations of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma","volume":"111","author":"Yousem SA","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199704000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20886"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergen.2011.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2007.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-010-0710-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181875a5f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Morphoproteomic study of primary pleural angiosarcoma of lymphangioendothelial lineage: a case report","volume":"43","author":"Quesada A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2009.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-6-130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199612000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","first-page":"1345","article-title":"An autopsy case of primary angiosarcoma of the pericardium mimicking malignant mesothelioma","volume":"38","author":"Terada T","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31828de23a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318206b67b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31826a92f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181a6cd33"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.022889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198908000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor: a report of seven cases","volume":"10","author":"Fukunaga M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2009.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1117-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1978-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2573-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-009-0344-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2013.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19931215)72:12<3618::AID-CNCR2820721212>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896915583996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840915)54:6<1049::AID-CNCR2820540620>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","first-page":"1125","article-title":"A case of mediastinal liposarcoma","volume":"40","author":"Tanaka F","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318093f925"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181963c9c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182562bc1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182a115c9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(200004)190:5<531::AID-PATH579>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910640511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(95)00016-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(94)90060-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199901)24:1<30::AID-GCC5>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199806)185:2<188::AID-PATH53>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000170343.09562.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182417330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","first-page":"722","article-title":"Epithelioid variant of pleomorphic liposarcoma: a study of 12 cases of a distinctive variant of high\u2010grade liposarcoma","volume":"12","author":"Miettinen M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01913120290104575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000135524.73447.4a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318227e4d2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1999.00724.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-014-1645-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990601)85:11<2368::AID-CNCR11>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970701)80:1<147::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.08.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2010.083790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19881015)62:8<1516::AID-CNCR2820620812>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199304000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2350\/06-02-0044.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181484165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200308000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.111423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_126_1","first-page":"232","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone","author":"Bode\u2010Lesniewska B","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280000313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2007.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.10035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2012.04241.x"}],"container-title":["Histopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhis.12771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.12771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T13:42:03Z","timestamp":1696340523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/his.12771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/his.12771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.12771","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-0167","1365-2559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-0167","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}