{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:21:29Z","timestamp":1790500889183,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]],"date-time":"2016-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the expression of spalt\u2010like transcription factor 4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4), a regulator of embryonal development, in three epithelial components of hepatoblastoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>) and the relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression levels and patients\u2019 clinicopathological features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 115 specimens from 79 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content> were selected for immunostaining of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4. Nuclear staining was semi\u2010quantified using the immunoreactive score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IS<\/jats:styled-content>; range: 0\u201312). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression was seen in all embryonal components (mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IS<\/jats:styled-content> = 8.58) and in 41% of fetal components (mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IS<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.78). No <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression was seen in either small cell undifferentiated or mesenchymal components of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>. Neither chemotherapy nor metastasis altered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression significantly. High <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression levels were associated significantly with decreased overall survival (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OS<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), event\u2010free survival (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFS<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) and the presence of metastasis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049) on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4 as an independent prognostic predictor for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.029).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4 is useful for subtyping <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>, and high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SALL<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression is associated with decreased survival in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T08:17:02Z","timestamp":1464855422000},"page":"822-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The diagnostic and prognostic value of <scp>SALL<\/scp>4 in hepatoblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Shengmei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajkumar","family":"Venkatramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer Center Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 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