{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:29:50Z","timestamp":1788449390955,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report 18 yolk sac tumours (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content>s) of the female genital tract (17 ovary, one uterus) in patients aged 40 years or over, most arising from a somatic epithelial neoplasm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six patients had pure <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content>, two were associated with immature teratoma (one with an endometrioid adenocarcinoma) and in 11 there was an epithelial neoplasm comprising high\u2010grade serous carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HGSC<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), clear cell carcinoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), borderline clear cell adenofibroma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), endometrioid adenocarcinoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2), serous tubal intra\u2010epithelial carcinoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1) and large\u2010cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1). In one case of pure <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content>, there was an ipsilateral endometriotic cyst but no other neoplastic component. In two cases, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content> was a hepatoid variant and in most of the others it exhibited predominantly glandular morphology, closely mimicking an epithelial neoplasm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pathologists should be aware of the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content> and an epithelial neoplasm, the former probably arising from the latter through a process of neometaplasia\/retrodifferentiation. Those rare gynaecological pure glandular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content>s in adults may arise secondary to total overgrowth of an epithelial neoplasm. Pathologists need a high index of suspicion to diagnose the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content> component, as the morphology is characteristically of a glandular variant with marked morphological overlap with adenocarcinomas. There is also often significant immunophenotypical overlap with epithelial neoplasms, as the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content> component may be positive with epithelial membrane antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMA<\/jats:styled-content>), Ber<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EP<\/jats:styled-content>4 and cytokeratin 7 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CK<\/jats:styled-content>7), as well as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content> markers. We propose the term \u2018somatically derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YST<\/jats:styled-content>s\u2019 for these neoplasms and suggest unification of the terminology between different sites where such neoplasms occur.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T07:22:49Z","timestamp":1466666569000},"page":"739-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Yolk sac tumours of the female genital tract in older adults derive commonly from somatic epithelial neoplasms: somatically derived yolk sac tumours"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Tamara","family":"McNamee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust Belfast 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