{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:32:00Z","timestamp":1790058720912,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormalities of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCB<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INI<\/jats:styled-content>1), which encodes a member of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWI<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNF<\/jats:styled-content> pathway, are found in neoplasms with rhabdoid morphology, such as malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney and atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumour of the central nervous system. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRG<\/jats:styled-content>1), which encodes another member of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWI<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNF<\/jats:styled-content> pathway, and which is mutated in almost all small\u2010cell carcinomas of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type, has been investigated in endometrial carcinomas, and mutations with resultant loss of immunohistochemical staining have been demonstrated in some endometrial undifferentiated carcinomas\/dedifferentiated carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCB<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2 in a cohort of undifferentiated endometrial carcinomas, and to correlate expression of these markers with rhabdoid morphology and clinical outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty undifferentiated endometrial carcinomas (18 pure and 22 dedifferentiated carcinomas) were stained with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 40), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCB<\/jats:styled-content>1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 27), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 37). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression was intact in 26 of 40 (65%) cases, lost in 13 of 40 (32.5%) cases, and unassessable in one case (2.5%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCB<\/jats:styled-content>1 expression was intact in 26 of 27 (96%) cases and lost in one of 27 (4%) cases. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression was intact in 23 of 37 (62%) cases, lost in 10 of 37 (27%) cases, and unassessable in four cases. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression showed corresponding loss in nine of the 13 (69%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010deficient cases. Rhabdoid morphology was present in three of 13 (23%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010deficient cases, in two of 10 (20%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010deficient cases, in four of 26 (15%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010intact cases, and in four of 23 (17%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010intact cases. There was no correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression and clinical outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrated that almost one\u2010third of endometrial undifferentiated carcinomas show loss of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression, and that a subset show rhabdoid morphology. The majority of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010deficient cases show concomitant loss of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression. There is no correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>4 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMARCA<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression and outcome. Our results confirm that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWI<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNF<\/jats:styled-content> chromatin\u2010remodelling complex is involved in the pathogenesis of endometrial undifferentiated carcinomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]],"date-time":"2016-09-22T19:16:43Z","timestamp":1474571803000},"page":"359-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Loss of expression of <scp>SMARCA<\/scp>4 (<scp>BRG<\/scp>1), <scp>SMARCA<\/scp>2 (<scp>BRM<\/scp>) and <scp>SMARCB<\/scp>1 (<scp>INI<\/scp>1) in undifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium is not uncommon and is not always associated with rhabdoid morphology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Preetha","family":"Ramalingam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Croce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Centre Regional de Lutte Contre Le Cancer Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W Glenn","family":"McCluggage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020601159494"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pgp.0000183048.22588.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"132","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours","author":"Zaino R","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gynor.2013.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182196a39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20526"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-1795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20729"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2015.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0000000000000270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Undifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium: an expanded immunohistochemical analysis including PAX\u20108 and basal\u2010like carcinoma surrogate markers","volume":"37","author":"Ramalingam P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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