{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:15:05Z","timestamp":1791288905877,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mammary\u2010like adenocarcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLA<\/jats:styled-content>) of the vulva is thought to be derived from vulvar mammary\u2010like glands. The aim of this study was to characterize a series of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLA<\/jats:styled-content>s by using an immunohistochemical algorithm that identifies the major molecular subtypes of breast cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven cases of vulval <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLA<\/jats:styled-content> were stained for oestrogen receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>), progesterone receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HER<\/jats:styled-content>2), Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EGFR<\/jats:styled-content>), cytokeratin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CK<\/jats:styled-content>) 5, nestin, and inositol polyphosphate\u20104\u2010phosphatase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INPP<\/jats:styled-content>4b). Seventeen cases of vulval extramammary Paget disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMPD<\/jats:styled-content>), seven with invasion, were studied for comparison. The median age of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLA<\/jats:styled-content> was 72\u00a0years. All tumours except one were early\u2010stage tumours. On the basis of an immunohistochemical panel, three of seven tumours were classified as luminal B, two of seven as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HER<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010enriched, one of seven as luminal A, and one of seven as basal\u2010like. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content> was expressed in four of seven tumours, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content> in three of seven, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HER<\/jats:styled-content>2 in three of seven, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EGFR<\/jats:styled-content> in two of seven, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CK<\/jats:styled-content>5 in one of seven, and the Ki67 index was &gt;15% in six of seven cases. Nestin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INPP<\/jats:styled-content>4b were, respectively, negative and positive in all cases. Of the seven cases of invasive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMPD<\/jats:styled-content>, two showed a luminal A profile, three a luminal B profile (two of three with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HER<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> amplification), one a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HER<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010enriched profile, and one a basal\u2010like profile. Three of seven were <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HER<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>\u2010amplified. Among the 10 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMPD<\/jats:styled-content> without invasion, seven showed a luminal A profile and three showed a luminal B profile (all <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HER<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>\u2010amplified); no <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HER<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010enriched or basal\u2010like subtypes were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breast cancer subtyping can be applied to vulvar <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLA<\/jats:styled-content>s. All four intrinsic molecular subtypes are seen, with frequencies similar to those in breast carcinoma. Our results support the potential use of breast cancer molecular profiling algorithms to guide treatment for these cancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T08:39:16Z","timestamp":1492504756000},"page":"446-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Molecular subtyping of mammary\u2010like adenocarcinoma of the vulva shows molecular similarity to breast carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8739-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basile","family":"Tessier\u2010Cloutier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology Vancouver General Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karama","family":"Asleh\u2010Aburaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9178-4370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W Glenn","family":"McCluggage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology British Columbia Cancer Agency Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Blake","family":"Gilks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology Vancouver General Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000171601.25315.2b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e318202eba5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Ueber einen fall von mamma accessoria","author":"Hartung E","year":"1872"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"SchultzeO.Milchdrusenentwickelung und polymastie. 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